1863

{| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style="margin-left: 15px;"\n|- \n| align="center" colspan=2 | Years:
1860 1861 1862 - 1863 - 1864 1865 1866 \n|-\n| align="center" colspan=2 | Decades:
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s \n|- \n| align="center" | Centuries:
18th century - 19th century - 20th century \n----\n1863 in art
\n1863 in literature
\n1863 in science
\n1863 in music
\n1863 in sports\n----\nList of state leaders in 1863
\nList of religious leaders in 1863
\n|}

Table of contents

1 Events 2 Ongoing Events 3 Births 4 Deaths

Events

\n* January 1 - Abraham Lincoln delivers the Emancipation Proclamation during the second year of the American Civil War.\n*January 1 - The first claim under the Homestead Act is made for a farm in Nebraska\n* January 11 - American Civil War: Battle of Arkansas Post - General John McClernand and Admiral David Porter capture the Arkansas River for the Union.\n* January 10 - The first section of the London Underground Railway opens (Paddington to Farringdon Street).\n* January 22 - The January Uprising broke out in Poland, Lithunania and Belorussia. The aim of the national movement was to regain Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth from occupation of Russia.\n* February 10 - The world-famous midgets General Tom Thumb and Lavinia Warren get married in New York City.\n* February 10 - Alanson Crane patents the fire extinguisher.\n* February 24 - Arizona is organized as a United States territory.\n* February 26 - President of the United States Abraham Lincoln signs the National Currency Act into law.\n* March 3 - Idaho Territory is organized by the United States Congress\n* March 10 - Marriage of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales to Princess Alexandra of Denmark\n* March 30 - Prince Wilhelm Georg of Denmark is chosen as King George I of Greece.\n* May 2 - May 4 - General Robert E. Lee defeats Union forces at the Battle of Chancellorsville\n* May 18 - American Civil War: The Siege of Vicksburg begins (ends July 4).\n* May 21 - American Civil War: Siege of Port Hudson - Union forces begin to lay siege to the Confederate-controlled Port Hudson, Louisiana.\n* May 21 - General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists formed.\n* May 28 - American Civil War: The 54th Massachusetts, the first African American regiment, leaves Boston, Massachusetts to fight for the Union.\n* May 31 - First running of the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe horse race\n* June 9 - American Civil War: Battle of Brandy Station, Virginia.\n* June 14 - American Civil War: Battle of Second Winchester - A Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia.\n* June 20 - West Virginia is admitted as the 35th U.S. state.\n* July 1 - July 3 - Union forces turn back a Confederate invasion at the Battle of Gettysburg\n* July 4 - American Civil War: Battle of Vicksburg - Ulysses S. Grant and the Union army capture the Confederate city Vicksburg, Mississippi after the town surrendered. The siege lasted 47 days.\n* July 13 - American Civil War: In New York City, draft opponents begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.\n* July 18 - American Civil War: The first formal African American military unit, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, unsuccessfully assaults Confederate-held Fort Wagner but their valiant fighting still proves the worth of African American soldiers during the war.\n*July 26 - American Civil War: Morgan's Raid ends - At Salineville, Ohio, Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 360 of his volunteers are captured by Union forces.\n* July 30 - Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, promising to stop harassing the emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah.\n* August 8 - American Civil War: Following his defeat in the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee sends a letter of resignation to Confederate President Jefferson Davis (Davis will refuse the request upon receipt).\n* August 17 - American Civil War: In Charleston, South Carolina, Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held Fort Sumter. Bombardment will not end until December 31\n* September 6 - American Civil War: Confederates evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Island in South Carolina.\n* September 8 - American Civil War: Second Battle of Sabine Pass - On the Texas-Louisiana border at the mouth of the Sabine River, a small Confederate force thwarts a Union invasion of Texas.\n* October 14 - American Civil War: Battle of Bristol Station - Confederate General Robert E. Lee forces fail to drive the Union army out of Virginia.\n* October 15 - American Civil War: The first successful submarine, the CSS Hunley sinks during a test, killing Horace Lawson Hunley (its inventor) and a crew of seven.\n* October 26 to October 29, the Resolutions of the Geneva International Conference are signed \n* October 29 - Sixteen countries meeting in Geneva agree to form the International Red Cross.\n* October 29 - American Civil War: Battle of Wauhatchie - Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant ward-off a Confederate attack led by General James Longstreet. Union forces thus open a supply line into Chattanooga, Tennessee.\n* November 16 - American Civil War: Battle of Campbell Station - Near Knoxville, Tennessee, Confederate troops led by General James Longstreet unsuccessfully attack Union forces under General Ambrose Burnside.\n* November 17 - American Civil War: Siege of Knoxville begins - Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee under siege (the two week long siege and one failed attack was unsuccessful).\n* November 19 - American Civil War: Union President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at the military cemetery dedication ceremony in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.\n* November 23 - American Civil War: Battle of Chattanooga III begins - Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant reinforce troops at Chattanooga, Tennessee and counter-attack Confederate troops.\n* November 24 - American Civil War: Battle of Lookout Mountain - Near Chattanooga, Tennessee, Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant capture Lookout Mountain and begin to break the Confederate siege of the city led by General Braxton Bragg.\n* November 25 - American Civil War: Battle of Missionary Ridge - At Missionary Ridge in Tennessee, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant break the Siege of Chattanooga by routing Confederate troops under General Braxton Bragg.\n* November 26 - American Civil War: Mine Run - Union forces under General George Meade position against troops led by Confederate General Robert E. Lee (Meade's forces could not find any weaknesses in the Confederate lines and give-up trying after five days).\n* November 27 - American Civil War: Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and several of his men escape the Ohio state prison and return safely to the South. \n* London Underground opens it first line\n* Bartolome Mitre secretly backs the revolt of Venancio Flores against the Uruguayn Blanco government\n* Thomas Nast draws the modern Santa Claus for Harper's Weekly, although Santa existed previously.\n* Construction begins on the First Transcontinental Railroad in Sacramento, California

Ongoing Events

\n*The American Civil War (1861-1865)

Births

\n* January 1 - Pierre de Coubertin, French founder of the modern Olympic Games \n* January 12 - Swami Vivekananda († 1902)\n* January 15 - Wilhelm Marx, German politician, chancellor of the Weimar Republic († 1946)\n* January 17 - David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom († 1945)\n* March 12 - - Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian poet, dramatist, daredevil, war hero and politician († 1938)\n* March 25 - Simon Flexner, pathologist who isolated 1899 a common strain (Shigella dysenteriae) of dysentery bacillus († 1946)\n* March 27 - Sir Henry Royce, automobile pioneer († 1933)\n* May 24 - George Grey Barnard, American sculptor († 1938)\n* July 1 - William Stairs, Victorian explorer († 1892)\n*December 7 - Pietro Mascagni, composer (+ 1945)\n*Mary Jane Kelly, fifth confirmed victim of Jack the Ripper (estimated date).

Deaths

\n* May 10 - Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, Confederate Army general\n* July 26 - Sam Houston, Texas politician, first President of the Republic of Texas (b. 1793)\n* August 13 - Eugene Delacroix, painter\n* September 17 - Alfred de Vigny, author \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n