1865

1865 is a common year starting on Sunday. {| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style="margin-left: 15px;"\n|- \n| align="center" colspan=2 | Years:
1862 1863 1864 - 1865 - 1866 1867 1868 \n|-\n| align="center" colspan=2 | Decades:
1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s \n|- \n| align="center" | Centuries:
18th century - 19th century - 20th century

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\n1865 in art
\n1865 in literature
\n1865 in music
\n1865 in science
\n1865 in sports\n----\nList of state leaders in 1865
\nList of religious leaders in 1865\n|}

Table of contents

1 Events 2 Births 3 Deaths

Events

\n* January 31 - American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief.\n* February 17 - American Civil War: Columbia, South Carolina burns as Confederate forces flee from advancing Union forces.\n* February 22 - Tennessee adopts a new constitution that abolishes slavery. \n* March 3 - The United States Congress authorizes formation of the Freedmen's Bureau\n* March 13 - American Civil War: The Confederate States of America reluctantly agrees to the use of African American troops. \n* March 18 - American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States of America adjourns for the last time \n* March 19 - American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville begins. By the end of the battle on the 21st the Confederate forces had retreated from Greenville, North Carolina.\n* March 25 - American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces capture Fort Stedman from the Union.\n* March 29 - American Civil War: Battle of Appomattox Court House begins \n* April 1 - American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks - In Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive. \n* April 2 - American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis and most of his Cabinet flee the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia which is taken the next day.\n* April 6 - German Chemicals producer, Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik(BASF) founded in Mannheim. \n* April 9 - American Civil War: General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, effectively ending the American Civil War.\n* April 14 - US President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.\n* April 21 - German Chemicals producer BASF moves its headquarters and factories from Mannheim to the Hemshof district of Ludwigshafen.\n* April 26 - Union cavalry corner John Wilkes Booth and cavalryman Boston Corbett shoots the assassin dead. \n* April 26 - American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at Durham Station, North Carolina. \n* April 27 - The steamboat Sultana, carrying 2,300 passengers, explodes and sinks in the Mississippi River, killing 1,700, most of whom were Union survivors of the Andersonville Prison.\n* May 1 - Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay against Paraguay is formally signed - War of the Triple Alliance is already going\n* May 10 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops near Irwinville, Georgia.\n* May 13 - American Civil War: Battle of Palmito Ranch - In far south Texas, more than a month after Confederate General Lee's surrender, the last land battle of the civil war ends with a Union victory. \n* May 23 - Parade down Pennsylvania Ave in Washington, DC to celebrate the ending of the American Civil War.\n* May 25 - Mobile magazine explosion: 300 are killed in Mobile, Alabama when an ordnance depot explodes.\n* June 2 - American Civil War ends - Forces under Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith surrender at Galveston, Texas, becoming the last to do so.\n* June 11 - Brazilian navy squadron defeats Paraguayn navy at Riachualo\n* June 23 - American Civil War: At Fort Towson in Oklahoma Territory Confederate General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant rebel army.\n* July 2 - Salvation Army founded in Whitechapel, London\n* July 5 - William Booth founds the Christian Mission (later renamed to the Salvation Army). \n* July 21 - In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots Dave Tutt dead in what is regarded as the first true western showdown. \n* July 27 - Welsh settlers arrive in Argentina at Chubut Valley. \n* December 24 - Several US Civil War Confederate veterans form the Ku Klux Klan. \n* Gregor Mendel formulates his theories of Mendelian inheritance- they are mainly ignored for years.\n* US Secret Service founded\n* A forest fire near Silverton, Oregon destroys about one million acres (4,000 km²) of timber.\n* Leopold II becomes King of Belgium\n* Last volume of Annals of Joseon Dynasty published.

Births

\n* February 19 - Sven Hedin, scientist and explorer (+ 1952)\n* March 15 - Edith Maude Eaton, writer (+ 1914)\n* March 19 - William Morton Wheeler, american entomologist and ethologist\n* May 25 - Pieter Zeeman, Nobel Prize winner (+ 1943)\n* May 26 - Robert W. Chambers, artist (+ 1933)\n* June 3 - King George V of the United Kingdom\n* June 9 - Albéric Magnard, composer\n* August 24 - King Ferdinand of Romania\n* August 27 - James Henry Breasted, Egyptologist (d. 1935)\n* October 1 - Paul Dukas, French composer\n* October 26 - Benjamin Guggenheim, businessman, went down on Titanic \n* December 8 - Jean Sibelius, composer

Deaths

\n* April 2 - A.P. Hill, Confederate general\n* April 15 - Abraham Lincoln, US President\n* April 26 - John Wilkes Booth, actor and assassin of Abraham Lincoln\n* October 18 - Lord Palmerston, Prime Minister of Britain\n*November 12 - Elizabeth Gaskell, British novelist, biographer\n*November 28 - William Machin Stairs, Nova Scotia businessman, statesman\n* December 10 - Leopold I of Belgium.\n* James Barry, British military surgeon \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n