1881

{| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style="margin-left: 15px;"\n|- \n| align="center" colspan=2 | Years:
1878 1879 1880 - 1881 - 1882 1883 1884 \n|-\n| align="center" colspan=2 | Decades:
1850s 1860s 1870s - 1880s - 1890s 1900s 1910s \n|- \n| align="center" | Centuries:
18th century - 19th century - 20th century

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\n1881 in art
\n1881 in literature
\n1881 in music
\n1881 in science
\n1881 in sports
\n1881 in Canada\n----\nList of state leaders in 1881
\nList of religious leaders in 1881\n|}

Table of contents

1 Events 2 Births 3 Deaths

Events

\n* January 16-24 – Siege of Geok Tepe – Russian troops under general Skobeleff defeat Turkomans\n*January 25 - Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company\n*February 5 - Phoenix, Arizona is incorporated.\n*February 19 - Kansas became the first U.S. state to prohibit all alcoholic beverages.\n*March 4 - Rutherford Birchard Hayes is succeeded as President of the United States by James Abram Garfield.\n*March 13 - Alexander II of Russia is killed near his palace when a bomb is thrown at him. \n* March 16 - Fenian dynamiters hit Mansion House in London\n*May 12 - In North Africa, Tunisia becomes a French protectorate.\n*May 21 - The American Red Cross is established by Clara Barton.\n*June 12 - The USS Jeannette is crushed in an Arctic Ocean ice pack. \n*July 2 - James Abram Garfield, President of the United States is shot by lawyer Charles Julius Guiteau. He survives the assassination attempt but he suffers from infection of his wound.\n*July 4 - In Alabama, the Tuskegee Institute opens.\n*July 20 - Indian Wars: Sioux chief Sitting Bull leads the last of his fugitive people in surrender to United States troops at Fort Buford in Montana.\n*September 19 - James Abram Garfield, President of the United States dies due to an infected wound and is succeeded by Vice President Chester Alan Arthur.\n*October 26 - Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, Cochise County, Arizona, USA.\n* December 8 - At least 620 die in fire at Ring Theatre, Vienna \n*Founding of the Pali Text Society\n*University College Dublin is established in Ireland\n*The United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) is founded, and the first U.S. Tennis Championships are played. \n*Founding of the Three Emperor's League\n* London Evening News begins publication\n* Some Vatican archives opened to scholars for the first time

Births

\n*January 6 - Sam Rayburn, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1961)\n*January 16 - Sir Arthur Percy Morris Fleming, radio pioneer\n*February 12 - Anna Pavlova, ballerina (d. 1931)\n*March 12 - Kemal Atatürk, founder and first president of the Turkish Republic (d. 1938)\n*March 25 - Béla Bartók, Hungarian composer.\n* March 25 - Mary Gladys Webb, writer (d. 1927)\n*June 17 - Tommy Burns, World Heavyweight Boxing Champion \n*August 6 - Sir Alexander Fleming, British discoverer of penicillin.\n*September 8 - Harry Hillman, American athlete\n*October 15 - P. G. Wodehouse, British-American writer\n*October 25 - Pablo Picasso, painter \n*November 14 - Nicholas Schenck motion-picture empresario (d. 1969)\n*November 24 - Al Christie, early Hollywood director/producer (d. 1951)\n*November 25 - Pope John XXIII (d. 1963)

Deaths

\n*January 21 - Wilhelm Matthias Näff, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1802)\n*March 13 - Czar Alexander II of Russia\n*April 19 - Benjamin Disraeli, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom\n*September 22 - Solomon L. Spink, U.S. Congressman from Illinois (b. 1831)\n*October 31 - George Washington DeLong, American naval officer and ill-fated explorer \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n