1919

{| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style="margin-left: 15px;"\n|- \n| align="center" colspan=2 | Years:
1916 1917 1918 - 1919 - 1920 1921 1922 \n|-\n| align="center" colspan=2 | Decades:
1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s \n|- \n| align="center" | Centuries:
19th century - 20th century - 21st century

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\n1919 in art
\n1919 in aviation
\n1919 in film
\n1919 in literature
\n1919 in music
\n1919 in science
\n1919 in sports
\n1919 in Canada\n----\nList of state leaders in 1919
\nList of religious leaders in 1919
\nList of international organization leaders in 1919\n|}

Table of contents

1 Events 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 Nobel Prizes

Events

\n* January 1 - Edsel Ford succeeds his father as head of the Ford Motor Company\n* January 5 - Spartacist uprising - Socialist demonstrations in Berlin turn into attempted communist revolution with Spartacist League in the forefront\n* January 9 - Spartacus revolutionary council folds – Friedrich Ebert orders Freikorps into action\n* January 10-12 - Freikorps attack Spartacus supporters around Berlin\n* January 11 - Romania annexes Transylvania.\n* January 13 - Worker’s councils in Berlin end the general strike - Spartacus week is over\n* January 15 - The Boston Molasses Disaster: Wave of molasses sweeps through Boston, killing 21 and injuring 150\n* January 15 - Ignace Paderewski becomes Premier of Poland\n* January 16 - The 18th Amendment, authorizing Prohibition, goes into effect in the United States\n* January 18 - World War I: A peace conference opens in Versailles, France.\n* January 18 - Bentley Motors is founded\n* January 21 - the First Dáil Éireann meets in the Mansion House in Dublin. It is from this meeting that the Irish state dates its existence.\n* January 25 - The League of Nations is founded\n* February 1 - The first Miss America is crowned (New York City).\n* February 3 – Soviet troops occupy Ukraine\n* February 11 - Friedrich Ebert (SPD), is elected President of Germany.\n* February 23 - Benito Mussolini forms the Fascist Party in Italy.\n* February 25 - Oregon places a 1 cent per gallon tax on gasoline, becoming the first U.S. state to levy a gasoline tax.\n* February 26 - An act of the United States Congress establishes most of the Grand Canyon as a United States National Park (see Grand Canyon National Park).\n* March 1 - March 1st Movement against Japanese colonial rule in Korea.\n* March 2 - The first Communist International meets in Moscow\n* March 15 - The American Legion forms in Paris\n* March 23 - In Milan, Italy, Benito Mussolini founds his Fascist political movement.\n* March 31 – General strike begins in the Ruhr\n* April 6-7 – Communist People’s Republic of Munich founded\n* April 13 - At the Amritsar Massacre, British and Gurkha troops massacre 379 indians.\n* April 14 – Emperor of Austria moves to exile in Switzerland\n* April 25 – Bauhaus movement founded\n* April 25 - ANZAC day is celebrated for the first time in Australia.\n* May 1 – Large left-wing demonstration in France leads to a violent confrontation with the police\n* May 3 – People's Republic of Munich is crushed\n* May 4 - May Fourth Movement opposes foreign colonizers in China\n* May 15 - Winnipeg launches general strike for better wages and working conditions.\n* May 16 - US Navy Naval Curtiss aircraft NC-4 commanded by Albert Cushing Read departs Trepassey, Newfoundland, for Lisbon via the Azores on the first transatlantic flight\n* May 17 - Committee of One Thousand forms to oppose Winnipeg General Strike\n* May 25 – Volcano Kloet erupts in Java – 16.000 dead\n* May 29 - Einstein's theory of general relativity confirmed by Arthur Eddington's observation of a total eclipse of the Sun.\n* June 4 - Women's rights: The United States Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which would guarantee suffrage to women, and sends it to the U.S. states for ratification.\n* June 14 - John Alcock and Arthur Brown depart St. John's, Newfoundland on the first nonstop transatlantic flight (they landed at Clifden, County Galway, Ireland the next day).[1]\n* July 6 - The British dirigible R-34 lands in New York, completing the first crossing of the Atlantic by an airship.\n* July 31 - Strike of policemen in London and Liverpool for recognition of the National Union of Police and Prison Officers. Over 2,000 strikers are dismissed.\n* August 11 - In Germany, the Weimar Constitution is passed into law.\n* August 19 - Afghanistan gains independence from the United Kingdom.\n* September 27 - Last British troops leave Archangel, Russia and leave fighting to the Russians\n* October 1 - Elaine Race Riot breaks out in Arkansas\n* October 2 - US President Woodrow Wilson suffers a massive stroke, leaving him partiallyparalyzed.\n* October 9 - Black Sox scandal: The Cincinnati Reds "win" the World Series.\n* October 9 - Boston police strike\n* October 28 - Prohibition begins: The United States Congress passes the Volstead Act over President Woodrow Wilson's veto.\n* November - At end of month health officials declare the global Spanish Flu Pandemic over\n* November 10 - The first national convention of the American Legion is held in Minneapolis, Minnesota (convention ended on November 12).\n* November 28 - The American-born Lady Astor is elected to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, becoming the first female member of that institution (she took her seat on December 1).\n* December 1 – Nancy Astor becomes the first female member of the British House of Commons when she replaces her dead husband\n* December 12 – Gabriele D'Annunzio with his entourage marches into Fiume and convinces the Italian troops to join him\n* December 30 - Lincoln's Inn, in London admits its first female bar student.\n*The Paris Peace Conference \n*The Åland Islands vote for a return to Swedish rule in a referendum.\n*Les Champs Magnetiques, the first automatic book, is written by Andre Breton and Philippe Soupault.\n* XWA (now CFCF), in Montreal, Quebec, is the first public radio station in North America to go on the air.\n* Various strikes in USA: Strike of 25.00 US railroad workers; Longshoreman’s strike; The Great Steel Strike; General strike in Seattle, Washington.\n* In Cleveland, police and army confront the May Day parade and drive into crowd – 2 dead, hundred injured\n* First Palestine national congress meets in Jerusalem, rejects the Baflour Declaration and demands independence for Palestine\n* Female suffrage in Germany and Luxemburg\n* Henri Desire Landru captured

Births

\n*January 1 - J. D. Salinger, novelist\n*January 13 - Army Archerd, Hollywood journalist\n* January 13 - Robert Stack, actor\n*January 14 - Andy Rooney, television journalist\n*January 23 - Hans Haas, zoologist and underwater scientist\n* January 23 - Ernie Kovacs, comedian (d. 1962)\n*January 25 - Edwin Newman, journalist, writer\n*January 27 - Ross Bagdasarian, musician, actor (d. 1972)\n*January 31 - Jackie Robinson, baseball player (d. 1972)\n*February 5 - Andreas Papandreou, Greek politician (d. 1996)\n* February 5 - Red Buttons, actor\n*February 11 - Gretchen Fraser, slalom skier.\n* February 11 - Eddie Robinson, football coach.\n*February 12 - Forrest Tucker, actor (d. 1986)\n*February 13 - Tennessee Ernie Ford, musician (d. 1991)\n*March 2 - Jennifer Jones, actress\n*March 11 - Mercer Ellington, musician, composer (d. 1996)\n*March 15 - Lawrence Tierney, actor (d. 2002)\n*March 17 - Nat King Cole, singer (d. 1965)\n*March 24 - Lawrence Ferlinghetti, author and publisher\n*March 30 - McGeorge Bundy, National Security Advisor (d. 1996)\n*May 3 - Pete Seeger, singer and musician\n*May 7 - Eva Peron, wife of Argentina's President Juan Peron (d. 1952)\n*May 8 - Lex Barker, actor (d. 1973)\n*May 16 - Liberace, pianist (d. 1987)\n* May 16 - Gisela Uhlen, actress\n*May 18 - Dame Margot Fonteyn, ballet dancer (d. 1991)\n*May 20 - George Gobel, comedian (d. 1991)\n*May 23 - Betty Garrett, actress, dancer\n*June 5 - Richard Scarry, children's author\n*June 21 - Gérard Pelletier, French journalist, politician and diplomat (d. 1997)\n*June 26 - Richard Neustadt, political historian\n*July 7 - Jon Pertwee, actor\n*July 20 - Edmund Hillary, mountaineer\n*September 27 - James H. Wilkinson, mathematician (d. 1986)\n*October 1 - member of the Romanian Academy, president of the Jewish Communities Federation of Romania\n*October 11 - Art Blakey, jazz drummer\n*October 22 - Doris Lessing, British writer\n*October 26 - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran\n*November 10 - Mikhail Kalashnikov - inventor, designer of the Ak-47\n*November 18 - Andrée Borrel, WW II heroine executed by the Nazis

Deaths

\n* January 6 - Theodore Roosevelt\n* January 15 - Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht\n* January 18- His Royal Highness The Prince John, son of George V and Queen Mary\n* February 17 - Wilfrid Laurier, seventh Prime Minister of Canada\n* April 4 - Sir William Crookes, chemist and physicist\n* April 15 - Jane Delano, founder, American Red Cross Nursing Service\n* May 6 - L. Frank Baum, writer\n* August 9 - Ruggiero Leoncavallo, composer\n* October 7 - Alfred Deakin, second Prime Minister of Australia\n* October 18 - Viscount William Astor, British financier and statesman\n* December 3 - Pierre-Auguste Renoir, a French painter.

Nobel Prizes

\n* Physics - Johannes Stark\n* Chemistry - not awarded\n* Medicine - Jules Bordet\n* Literature - Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler\n* Peace - Thomas Woodrow Wilson \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n