Asteraceae

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="margin-left:1em"\n|-\n! bgcolor=lightgreen | Sunflowers\n|-\n| align="center" |
\nNew York Aster (Aster novi-belgii)\n|-\n! bgcolor=lightgreen | \n|-\n|\n{| align="center"\n|-\n| :|| Plantae\n|-\n| :|| Magnoliophyta\n|-\n| :|| Magnoliopsida\n|-\n| :|| Asterales\n|-\n| :|| Asteraceae\n|}\n|-\n! bgcolor="lightgreen" | Genera\n|-\n|many, see text\n|-\n| Ref. ITIS 35420 2002-09-10
\nFor full list, see Kew\n|} The sunflower family or Family Asteraceae (formerly Compositae, also known as the aster family) is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants. The family name comes from the Genus Aster and refers to the star-shaped flower head of its members, typified as well by the daisy. Asteraceae is the largest family in the Magnoliophyta with some 1,100 genera and over 20,000 recognized species. The common characteristic of all these plants—what in common parlance might be called a "flower"—is an inflorescence or flower head: a densely packed cluster of many small, individual flowers, usually called florets (meaning "small flowers"). Plants in the Family Asteraceae typically have one or both of two kinds of florets. The outer perimeter of a flower head like that of a sunflower is composed of florets possessing a long strap-like petal, termed a ligule; these are the ray florets. The inner portion of the flower head (or disc) is composed of small flowers with tubular corollass; these are the disc florets. The composition of asteraceous inflorescences varies from all ray flowers (like dandelions, genus Taraxacum) to all disc flowers (like pineapple weeds). The composite nature of the inflorescences of these plants led early taxonomists to call this family the Compositae. However, the rules governing naming conventions for plant families state that the name should come from the type genus, in this case Aster—thus Asteraceae. Indeed, this type of flower is no longer even called a "composite flower" as indicated above. The numerous genera are divided into about 13 tribes. Only one of these, Lactuceae, is considered distinct enough to be a subfamily (Subfamily Cichorioideae); the remainer, which are mostly overlapping, are put in the Subfamily Asteroideae (Wagner, Herbst, and Sohmer, 1990). \n\nMany members of Asteracae are copious nectar producers, and are useful for evaluating pollinator populations during their bloom. Centaurea (knapweed), Helianthus annuus (domestic sunflower), and some species of Solidago (goldenrod) are major "honey plants" for beekeepers. Solidago produces relatively high protein pollen, which helps honeybees overwinter. Guayule—a source of hypoallergenic latex—is in the Asteraceae.

References

\n*ITIS report 2002-09-10\n*Walters, Dirk R. and David J. Keil (1996). Vascular plant taxonomy. 4th ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. Dubuque, Iowa.\n* Wagner,W.L., D.R. Herbst, and S.H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai‘i, Vol. I. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 988 pp. \n

List of genera

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\n  Acamptopappus goldenhead \n  Acanthospermum starburr \n  Achillea yarrow \n  Achyrachaena blow wives \n  Acmella spotflower \n  Acourtia desert peony \n  Acroptilon hardheads \n      Russian knapweed \n  Actinospermum \n  Adenocaulon trailplant \n  Adenophyllum dogweed \n  Adenostemma medicineplant \n  Ageratina snakeroot \n  Ageratum whiteweed \n  Agoseris mountain dandelion \n  Almutaster alkalai marsh aster \n  Amberboa \n  Amblyolepis \n  Amblyopappus \n  Ambrosia bursage, ragweed \n  Ampelaster climbing aster \n  Amphiachyris broomweed \n  Amphipappus chaffbush \n  Anacylus \n  Anaphalis pearly everlasting \n  Ancistrocarphus neststraw, \n      woolly fishhooks \n  Anisocoma \n  Antennaria pussytoes \n  Anthemis Roman chamomile \n  Antheropeas Easter bonnets \n  Aphanostephus doze daisy \n  Arctium burdock \n  Arctotheca capeweed \n  Arctotis \n  Argyranthemum dill daisy \n  Argyroxiphium silversword \n  Arnica arnica \n  Arnoglossum Indian plaintain \n  Arnoseris \n  Artemisia tarragon, sagebrush, \n      sagewort, wormwood, mugwort \n  Asanthus brickellbush \n  Aster L \n  Astranthium western daisy \n  Atrichoseris \n  Ayapana \n  Baccharis \n  Bahia \n  Baileya desert marigold \n  '\'Balduina honeycombhead \n  Balsamita \n  Balsamorhiza balsamroot \n  Baltimora \n  Barkleyanthus willow ragwort \n  Bartlettia \n  Bebbia sweetbush \n  Bellis daisy \n  Benitoa \n  Berkheya \n  Berlandiera greeneyes \n  Bidens beggartick \n      devil's sticktight, Spanish needles \n  Bigelowia rayless goldenrod \n  Blennosperma stickyseed \n  Blepharipappus \n  Blepharizonia \n  Blumea false oxtongue \n  Boltonia doll's daisy \n  Borrichia seaside tansy \n  Brachyactis rayless aster \n  Brachyscombe \n  Bradburia \n  Brickellia brickelbush \n  Brickelliastrum brickellbush \n  Brintonia mock goldenrod \n  Cacalia Indian plantain \n  Cacaliopsis \n  Calendula marigold \n  Callistephus \n  Calotis \n  Calycadenia western rosinweed \n  Calycoseris tackstem \n  Calyptocarpus \n  Canadanthus mountain aster \n  Carduus plumeless thistle \n  Carlina carline thistle \n  Carminatia \n  Carphephorus chaffhead \n  Carphochaete bristlehead \n  Carthamus distaff thistle \n  Castalis \n  Celmisia \n  Centaurea knapweed, star thistle \n  Centipeda \n  Centratherum \n  Chaenactis pincushion \n  Chaetadelpha skeletonweed \n  Chaetopappa least daisy \n  Chamaechaenactis \n  Chamaemelum dogfennel \n  Chamomilla chamomilla \n      pineapple weed \n  Chaptalia sunbonnetts \n  Chloracantha Nesom \n  Chondrilla \n  Chromolaena thoroughwort \n  Chrysactinia \n  Chrysanthellum \n  Chrysanthemum \n  Chrysogonum \n  Chrysoma \n  Chrysopsis goldenaster \n  Chrysothamnus rabbitbrush \n  Cichorium chicory \n  Cirsium thistle \n  Clappia clapdaisy \n  Clibadium \n  Cnicus blessed thistle \n  Columbiadoria \n  Complaya \n  Condylidium villalba \n  Conoclinium thoroughwort \n       mistflower \n  Conyza horseweed \n  Coreocarpus \n  Coreopsis tickseed \n  Corethrogyne sandaster \n  Cosmos \n  Cotula L. waterbuttons \n  Crassocephalum ragleaf \n  Crepis hawksbeard \n  Critonia thoroughwort \n  Crocidium spring-gold \n  Croptilon scratchdaisy \n  Crupina \n  Cyanopsis knapweed \n  Cyanthillium ironweed \n  Cymophora \n  Cynara artichoke \n  Dahlia \n  Delairea capeivy \n  Dendranthema arctic daisy \n  Dichaetophora \n  Dicoria twinbugs \n  Dicranocarpus \n  Dimeresia \n  Dimorphotheca cape marigold \n  Dittrichia \n  Doellingeria whitetop \n  Doronicum false leopardbane \n  Dracopis coneflower \n  Dubautia \n  Dugaldia \n  Dysodiopsis dogfennel \n  Dyssodia dogweed \n  Eastwoodia \n  Eatonella \n  Echinacea coneflower \n  Echinops globethistle \n  Eclipta \n  Egletes tropic daisy \n  Elephantopus elephantsfoot \n  Eleutheranthera \n  Emilia tasselflower \n  Encelia brittlebush \n  Enceliopsis sunray \n  Engelmannia Engelmann's daisy \n  Enydra swampwort \n  Erechtites burnweed \n  Ericameria goldenbush \n      heath goldenrod \n  Erigeron daisy, fleabane \n  Eriophyllum woolly sunflower \n  Eucephalus aster, eucephalus \n  Euchiton cudweed \n  Eupatorium Joe-Pye weed \n      thoroughwort, snakeweed \n  Euphrosyne \n  Eurybia Nees aster \n  Euryops \n  Euthamia goldentop \n  Evax pygmy cudweed \n  Ewartia \n  Facelis trampweed \n  Filago cottonrose \n  Fitchia \n  Flaveria yellowtops \n  Fleischmannia thoroughwort \n  Florestina \n  lourensia tarwort \n  Flyriella brickellbush \n  Gaillardia blanketflower \n  Galinsoga gallant-soldier \n  Gamochaeta everlasting \n  Garberia \n  Gazania \n  Geraea desert sunflower \n  Gerbera Transvaal daisy \n  Glyptopleura \n  Gnaphalium cudweed \n  Gochnatia \n  Grindelia gumweed \n  Guardiola \n  Guizotia \n  Gundelia \n  Gundlachia \n  Gutierrezia snakeweed \n  Gymnosperma Less. \n  Gymnostyles burrweed \n  Gynura Cass. \n  Haplocarpha onefruit \n  Haploesthes false broomweed \n  Hartwrightia \n  Hasteola false Indian plantain \n  Hazardia bristleweed \n  Hebeclinium thoroughwort \n  Hecastocleis \n  Hedypnois \n  Helenium sneezeweed \n  Helianthella \n  Helianthus sunflowers \n  Helichrysum strawflower,everlasting \n  Heliomeris false goldeneye \n  Heliopsis \n  Helminthia \n  Helminthotheca (obsolete) \n  Hemizonia tarweed \n  Herrickia \n  Hesperevax dwarf-cudweed \n  Hesperodoria glowweed \n  Hesperomannia island-aster \n  Heteranthemis oxeye \n  Heterosperma \n  Heterotheca false goldenaster \n   telegraph plant \n  Hieracium hawkweed \n  Hofmeisteria \n  Holocarpha tarweed \n  Holozonia \n  Hulsea alpinegold \n  Hymenoclea burrobrush, burrobush \n  Hymenopappus \n  Hymenothrix thimblehead \n  Hymenoxys rubberweed \n  Hypochaeris'' catsear

\n  Ichthyothere \n  Inula yellowhead \n  Ionactis aster \n  Isocarpha pearlhead \n  Isocoma goldenbush, jimmyweed \n  Iva marshelder, sumpweed \n  Ixeris \n  Jamesianthus \n  Jaumea \n  Jefea \n  Kalimeris aster \n  Keysseria \n  Koanophyllon thoroughwort \n  Koyamacalia \n  Krigia dwarfdandelion \n  Lactuca lettuce \n  Laennecia laennecia, laennicia \n  Lagascea \n  Lagenifera island-daisy \n  Lagophylla hareleaf \n  Lapsana nipplewort \n  Lapsanastrum nipplewort \n  Lasianthaea \n  Lasiospermum cocoonhead \n  Lasthenia goldfields \n  Launaea \n  Layia tidytips \n  Leibnitzia sunbonnets \n  Lembertia \n  Leontodon hawkbit \n  Lepidospartum broomsage \n  Leptorhynchos scaly button \n  Lessingia vinegarweed \n  Leucanthemella \n  Leucanthemopsis \n  Leucanthemum daisy, oxeye daisy \n  Leucochrysum sunray \n  Liatris blazing star, gay feather \n  Lindheimera \n  Lipochaeta nehe \n  Litrisa \n  Logfia cottonrose \n  Luina silverback \n  Lygodesmia skeleton weed \n  Machaeranthera goldenweed \n      tansyaster \n  Madia tarweed \n  Malacothrix desert dandelion \n  Malperia \n  Mantisalca \n  Marshallia Barbara's buttons \n  Matricaria mayweed \n  Megalodonta watermarigold \n  Melampodium blackfoot \n  Melanthera squarestem \n  Micropus cottonseed \n  Microseris silverpuffs, yam daisy \n  Mikania hempvine \n  Monolopia \n  Monoptilon desertstar \n  Montanoa \n  Mycelis \n  Neurolaena \n  Nicolletia hole-in-the-sand \n  Nothocalais prairie-dandelion \n  Notobasis syrian thistle \n  Oclemena aster \n  Olearia daisy bush \n  Oligoneuron goldenrod \n  Omalotheca arctic cudweed \n  Oncosiphon \n  Onopordum cotton thistle \n  Oonopsis false goldenweed \n  Oreochrysum goldenrod \n  Oreostemma aster \n  Orochaenactis \n  Osmadenia Nutt. \n  Osteospermum daisybush \n  Ozothamnus \n  Packera ragwort \n  Palafoxia palafox \n  Pallenis \n  Parantennaria \n  Parasenecio Indian plantain \n  Parthenice \n  Parthenium feverfew \n  Pascalia \n  Pectis cinchweed, fetid marigold \n  Pentachaeta pygmy daisy \n  Pentzia \n  Perezia \n  Pericallis ragwort \n  Pericome \n  Perityle rock daisy \n  Petasites butterbur \n  Petradoria rock goldenrod \n  Peucephyllum pygmy cedar \n  Phalacroseris mock dandelion \n  Phoebanthus false sunflower \n  Picradeniopsis bahia \n  Picris oxtongue \n  Picrothamnus bud sagebrush \n  Pinaropappus rock lettuce \n  Piptocarpha ash daisy \n  Piptocoma velvetshrub \n  Pityopsis silkgrass \n  Platyschkuhria basindaisy \n  Pleurocoronis \n  Pluchea camphorweed, fleabane \n  Plummera \n  Podocoma \n  Podolepis \n  Polymnia \n  Porophyllum poreleaf \n  Prenanthella \n  Prenanthes rattlesnakeroot \n  Prionopsis \n  Proustia \n  Psacalium Indianbush \n  Psathyrotes turtleback \n  Pseudelephantopus dog's-tongue \n  Pseudobahia sunburst \n  Pseudoclappia false clapdaisy \n  Pseudognaphalium false cudweed \n      cudweed \n  Pseudogynoxys \n  Psilactis tansyaster \n  Psilocarphus woollyheads \n  Psilostrophe paperflower \n  Pterocaulon blackroot \n  Pulicaria false fleabane \n  Pyrrhopappus desert chicory \n  Pyrrocoma goldenweed \n  Pycnosorus billy buttons, craspedia \n  Rafinesquia California chicory \n  Raillardella silvermat \n  Raillardiopsis \n  Rainiera \n  Ratibida prairie coneflower \n  Rayjacksonia tansyaster \n  Reichardia brighteyes \n  Remya \n  Rhagadiolus \n  Rhodanthe sunray \n  Rigiopappus \n  Rolandra yerba de plata \n  Roldana groundsel \n  Rudbeckia coneflower \n  Rugelia Rugel's Indian plantain \n  Sachsia \n  Salmea bejuco de miel \n  Santolina lavender cotton \n  Sanvitalia creeping zinnia \n  Sartwellia glowwort \n  Saussurea saw-wort \n  Schkuhria false threadleaf \n  Sclerocarpus bonebract \n  Sclerolepis bogbutton \n  Scolymus golden thistle \n  Scorzonera \n  Senecio groundsel, ragwort \n  Sericocarpus whitetop aster \n  Serratula plumeless saw-wort \n  Shinnersia \n  Shinnersoseris beaked skeletonweed \n  Sigesbeckia St. Paul's wort \n  Silphium rosinweed \n  Silybum milk thistle \n  Simsia bush sunflower \n  Smallanthus \n  Solidago goldenrod \n  Soliva burrweed \n  Sonchus sow thistle, sowthistle \n  Sphaeromeria chickensage \n  Sphagneticola creeping-oxeye \n  Spilanthes toothache flower \n  Spiracantha dogwoodleaf \n  Stebbinsoseris silverpuffs \n  Stenotus mock goldenweed \n  Stephanomeria wire lettuce \n  Stevia candyleaf \n  Stokesia \n  Struchium \n  Stylocline neststraw \n  Symphyotrichum aster \n  Synedrella \n  Synedrellopsis \n  Synosma \n  Syntrichopappus Fremont's gold \n  Tagetes marigold \n  Tamaulipa boneset \n  Tanacetum tansy \n  Taraxacum dandelion \n  Tephroseris groundsel \n  Tetradymia horsebrush \n  Tetragonotheca nerveray \n  Tetramolopium \n  Tetraneuris four-nerve daisy \n  Thelechitonia. \n  Thelesperma greenthread \n  Thurovia \n  Thymophylla pricklyleaf \n  Tithonia \n  Tolpis umbrella milkwort \n  Tonestus serpentweed \n  Townsendia Townsend daisy \n  Tracyina Indian headdress \n  Tragopogon goat's beard, salsify \n  Trichocoronis bugheal \n  Trichoptilium \n  Tridax \n  Trilisa \n  Trimorpha boreal daisy \n  Tripleurospermum mayweed \n  Tripolium sea aster \n  Trixis threefold \n  Tussilago coltsfoot \n  Uropappus silverpuffs \n  Urospermum \n  Vanclevea \n  Varilla \n  Venegasia \n  Venidium \n  Verbesina crownbeard \n  Vernonia ironweed \n  Viguiera goldeneye \n  Wedelia creepingoxeye \n  Whitneya \n  Wilkesia iliau \n  Wollastonia \n  Wyethia mule-ears \n  Xanthisma sleepydaisy \n  Xanthium cocklebur \n  Xanthocephalum \n  Xylorhiza woody aster \n  Yermo desert yellowhead \n  Youngia \n  Zaluzania \n  Zexmenia \n  Zinnia \nand about 1050 more.

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