Astrology
Astrology (from
Greek: αστρολογία = άστρον +
λόγος) is any of several systems believed by its followers to be a means of understanding, interpreting and organizing knowledge about reality and human existence. All are based on the relative positions and movement of various real and construed
celestial bodies, chiefly the
Sun,
Moon,
planets, and lunar nodes as seen at the time and place of the
birth or other event being studied. For many astrologers the relationship need not be causal, nor even scientific. Although there are astrologers who try to put astrology on sound scientific principles, for many more it is a technology and an art that merges rote calculations with intuitive perceptions.
Central to all astrology is the
natal chart (also called the
horoscope, natus, or birth chart). This is a diagrammatic representation in 2 dimensions of the planetary and stella positions in the heavens as seen by an observer located on the earth at a given time and place. \nInterpretation of a natal chart is governed by:- \n*the relative positions of the heavenly bodies to each other, \n*their positions relative to the starry background,\n*their position relative to the horizon.
\nCommon traditions of astrology include
Western astrology,
Chinese astrology,
Jyotish (
Vedic astrology) and Kabbalistic astrology. All of these can be subdivided by type, such as natal (the study of a person's birth chart),
horary (a chart drawn to answer a specific question), and
electional astrology (a chart drawn ahead of time to determine the best moment to begin an enterprise or undertaking).
The majority of Western astrologers based their work on the
tropical zodiac, but some Western and all
Jyotish (
Hindu) astrologers use the
sidereal zodiac.
Relationship to astronomy and science
\nAstrology is not the same as astronomy. Astronomers are often dismayed at being confused with their counterparts in astrology. Many astrologers incorporate astronomical concepts into their studies. Scientists dismiss astrology as pseudoscience with the claim that astrology does not follow the scientific method.\nAstrology was once deeply intertwined with astronomy, and a clear divergence between the two dates back to the time of Galileo. He was one of the first to use the scientific method to test objective statements about the heavens.
Astronomy aims to understand the physical workings of the universe. Astrologers use the astronomers' calculations for the positions of celestial bodies, and attempt to correlate astronomical events with earthly events. From ancient times to the 17th century, astrologers were in constant search of better astronomical tables, and so instigated (and even funded) many important developments in astronomy. The role of astrology as an important motivation for astronomical research diminished as the works of Galileo and others solved the problems in celestial mechanics that were of interest to astrologers. The needs of modern navigation and physics became more important motivators for astronomers.
The most common type of astrology is natal astrology. This form of astrology attempts to combine astronomical data from the time of birth of the subject with astrological techniques to gain an insight into personality traits. Other astrologers believe correlations exist between geological phenomena (such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions) and astronomical phenomena (the movement of celestial bodies in relation to earth).
Many prominent figures in the early history of western astronomy, including Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo himself, supported themselves by practising astrology for wealthy noblemen. It is a commonly held belief among astrologers that Isaac Newton had an interest in astrology; however, there is no apparent evidence to back this claim, as none of Newton's writings mention the subject, and the handful of books in his possession that contained references to astrology were primarily concerned with other subjects (and mentioned astrology only in passing).
There are some biological phenomena that co-ordinate with celestial movements (e.g. circadian rhythms, see Chronobiology). Some astrologers may try to draw undue conclusions from this, but it is more likely that these correlations are not fully understood by anyone. Astronomers dispute the existence of some of them, and claim that others are trivial, well-understood relationships even though they have little to do with astronomy. Scientific attempts to establish the existence of astrological influences have yielded mostly inconclusive results. Scientists claim that the effect of tidal forces is far too weak over a small area (such as the human body) to have any influence on a biological organism. Astrologers counter that gravity may not be the mechanism of astrological phenomena, whereupon the opponents dispute the existence of any correlations.
Astrological concepts are pervasive in many societies, and endure despite strong efforts by scientists to discredit them. This is evidenced by the fact that influenza was so named because doctors once believed it to be caused by unfavorable planetary and stellar influences. The word "disaster" comes from the Latin "dis-aster" meaning "bad star".
Astrology as a descriptive language for the mind
\nThe personality descriptions made in astrological charts can be viewed as a method of describing the subjective inner world of mind and personality. This has roots in alchemical and Hermetic tradition which were very influential until the 17th century. Many writers, notably William Shakespeare .[[1] , used astrological symbolism to add subtlety to the description of their characters' motivation. An understanding of astrological principles is needed to fully appreciate such literature. Some modern thinkers, notably Carl Jung, have acknowledged its descriptive powers of the mind without necessarily subscribing to its predictive claims.
List of Notable Astrologers
\n*Tycho Brahe\n*Galileo Galilei\n*Liz Greene\n*Rob Hand\n*Hipparchus\n*Ibn Yunus\n*Johannes Kepler\n*Peurbach\n*Ptolemy\n*Regiomontanus\n*Dane Rudhyar
See Also
\n* Ascendant\n* Astrological sign\n* Astrological aspects\n* Classical element\n* Cycles\n* Electional astrology\n* Ephemeris\n* Horary astrology\n* Horoscope\n* House (astrology)\n* The Mars effect\n* Michel Gauquelin\n* Monen\n* Medical astrology\n* Natal Chart\n* New age
External links
\n* Skyscript.com — Classical Astrology - A modern yet faithful look at Classical astrology.\n* Astrology at Enchanted Spirit - A collection of articles on basic astrology topics. Includes current planet placement, planet meanings, which planets rule which signs and the purpose of astrology.\n* Astrology and Science - A series of articles in which believers and skeptics debate the merits of astrology. \n* The Astrotest - An account of a test of the predictive power of astrology, with references to other experiments.\n* The True Disbelievers by Richard Kamann and Marcello Truzzi is a report of alleged internal events at CSICOP regarding their own claimed confirmation of M. Gauquelin's 'Mars Effect'\n* The real romance in the stars - A critical view of astrology by Richard Dawkins.\n*The Skeptic's Dictionary on astrology\n*The Skeptic's Dictionary on the Mars effect\n*A Christian look at astrology.\n*The Chinese Astrology\n*Journal of Consciousness Studies: Is Astrology Relevant to Consciousness and Psi?
Category:Pseudoscience
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