Edgar of England
\nKing
Edgar (about
942-
July 8,
975) was the younger son of King
Edmund I of England. He won the nickname, "the Peaceable", but in fact was a stronger king than his elder brother,
Edwy, from whom he took the kingdoms of
Northumbria and
Mercia in
958. Edgar was acclaimed king north of the Thames by a conclave of Mercian nobles in 958, but officially succeeded when Edwy died in October
959. Immediately Edgar recalled
Dunstan (eventually
canonised as St. Dunstan) from exile and made his successively Bishop of Worcester, then of London and finally
Archbishop of Canterbury, The allegation that Dunstan at first refused to crown Edgar because he disapproved of his way of life, is a discreet reference in popular histories to Edgar's mistress Wulfthryth, a nun at Wilton who bore him a daughter Eadgyth in 961. Dunstan remained Edgar's advisor throughout his reign, nevertheless.
Edgar's reign was a peaceful one, and it is probably fair to say that it saw the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the English at its height. Although other previous kings have been recorded as the founders of 'England', it was Edgar who consolidated this. By the end of Edgar's reign there was little chance of it receding back into its constituent parts, as it had begun to do during the reign of Edwy.
The Monastic Reform Movement that restored the
Benedictine Rule to England's undisciplined monastic communities saw its height during the time of Dunstan, Aethelwold and Oswald. However, the extent and importance of the movement is still debated amongst academics.
Edgar was crowned at
Bath, but not until
973, an imperial ceremony planned not as the initiation, but as the culmination of his reign, a move that must have taken a great deal of preliminary diplomacy. This service, devised by Dunstan himself, and celebrated with a poem in the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle forms the basis of the present-day British coronation ceremony. The symbolic coronation was an important step; other kings of Britain came and gave their allegiance to Edgar shortly afterwards at
Chester. Six kings in Britain, including the kings of
Scotland and of
Strathclyde, pledged their faith that they would be the king's henchmen on sea and land. Later chroniclers made the kings into eight, all plying the oars of Edgar's state barge on the River Dee. Perhaps not, but the main outlines of the "submission at Chester" appear true.
Edgar had several children. He died on
July 8,
975 at
Winchester, and was buried at
Glastonbury Abbey. He left two sons, the eldest named Edward, the son of his first wife
Ethelfleda, and
Ethelred, the youngest, the child of his second wife
Elfrida. He was succeeded by his oldest son, King
Edward the Martyr.
From Edgar’s death to the Norman Conquest there was not a single succession to the throne that was not contended. Although perhaps a simplification, Edgar’s death did seem to be the beginning of the end for Anglo-Saxon England that resulted in three 11th century successful conquests, 2 Danish and 1 Norman.
External link
\n*Medieval Sourcebook: Anglo-Saxon Dooms: laws of King Edgar, a fragment
{| border=2 align="center"\n|-\n|width="30%" align="center"|Preceded by:
Edwy\n|width="40%" align="center"|
King of England\n|width="30%" align="center"|Succeeded by:
Edward\n|}
