Guobiao
Gúobiāo (国标) (GB) in the
People's Republic of China is the abbreviation of
- Guójiā Biāozhǔn (国家标准), meaning the "National Standards", or\n*Guójiā Biāozhǔn Mǎ (国家标准码), meaning the "National Standard Encoding" as Chinese character encoding system.
Both are issued by the Standardization Administration of China (SAC), the Chinese National Committee of the
ISO and
IEC.
National Standards
Like ANSI in the US, GB standards fall in many areas. Mandatory standards are prefixed "GB". Recommended standards are prefixed "GB/T" where the letter T is from Chinese tuījiàn (推荐, recommended). A standard number follows "GB" or "GB/T".
The following is a partial list of widely used National Standards of the People's Republic of China. Compared to many international standards of ISO, many standards are identical (IDT), equivalent (EQV), or non-equivalent (NEQ).
\n| Number | Adopted standard | Title\n |
\n| \nMandatory standards\n |
\n| GB 2312-1980 | | Code of Chinese graphic character set for information interchange--Primary set\n |
\n| GB 3100-1993 | EQV ISO 1000:1992 | SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units\n |
\n| GB 3101-1993 | EQV ISO 31-0:1992 | General principles concerning quantities, units and symbols\n |
\n| GB 5768-1999 | | Road traffic signs and markings\n |
\n| GB 14887-2003 | | Road traffic signals\n |
\n| GB 18030-2000 | | Information technology--Chinese ideograms coded character set for information interchange--Extension for the basic set\n |
\n| \nRecommended standards |
\n| GB/T 148-1997 | NEQ ISO 216:1975 | Writing paper and certain classes printed matter--Trimmed sizes-A and B series\n |
\n| GB/T 2260-1999 | | Codes for the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China\n |
\n| GB/T 2659-2000 | EQV ISO 3166-1:1997 | Codes for the representation of names of countries and regions\n |
\n| GB/T 4880-1991 | EQV ISO 639:1988 | Codes for the representation of names of language\n |
\n| GB/T 4880.2-2000 | EQV ISO 639-2:1998 | Codes for the representation of names of languages--Part 2: Alpha-3 code\n |
\n| GB/T 5795-2002 | EQV ISO 2108:1992 | China standard book numbering\n |
\n| GB/T 7408-1994 | EQV ISO 8601:1988 | Data elements and interchange formats --Information interchange--Representation of dates and times\n |
\n| GB/T 12406-1996 | IDT ISO 4217:1990 | Codes for the representation of currencies and funds\n |
\n| GB/T 15834-1995 | | Use of punctuation marks\n |
\n| GB/T 15835-1995 | | General rules for writing numerals in publications\n |
\n| GB/T 16159-1996 | | Basic rules for Hanyu Pinyin Orthography\n |
\n| GB/T 16831-1997 | IDT ISO 6709:1983 | Standard representation of latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic point locations\n |
\n
National Standard Encoding
In computer contexts, "GB" alone is often used to mention GB 2312-1980 issued in 1980, or GB 18030-2000 issued in 2000. These two are encoding standards for encoding Chinese characters.
This
character encoding method is used to code for
Simplified Chinese characters, which are used in
Mainland China and
Singapore.
Taiwan and
Hong Kong, which use
Traditional Chinese characters, have
Big5 as their standard.
There are about 7200 characters in the GB 2312-1980 codeset, versus approx. 16000 in the Big-5 codeset.\nThe
pinyin, romanization of these characters, is standardized as well. It can be used\nas one of the several
Chinese input systems (e.g., by typing Z-H-O-N-G for the character 中)
External links
\n* Standardization Administration of China (simplified Chinese and English)\n**
Catalog of Chinese standards in English
\nzh-cn:国标\nzh-tw:國標
