Harry Potter
(American edition)]]\n
Harry Potter is the informal name given to a collection of
fantasy novels by
J. K. Rowling, and the
movies based on them. The series is named after the
protagonist,
Harry James Potter who was born
July 31 1980 given the timeline below. The first novel,
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (released as
Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the United States) was released in
1997.
Overview
The Harry Potter books are primarily aimed at older children, but have fans of all ages. There is also a series of films of the same name and based directly on the books, the first of which was released in 2001.
According to Rowling, the stories appeared in her head, fully formed, while she was on a train from Manchester to London. \nThe sales from the books as well as royalties from films and merchandise have, according to unsubstantiated rumours, made her richer than Queen Elizabeth.
Each book chronicles one year in Harry's life at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry where he learns magic. Seven books are planned, each gradually a little darker than its predecessor as Harry ages and his nemesis, Lord Voldemort, gains power. As of 2004 five books have been published and the sixth is underway.
The books are written in the third person, with limited omniscience, from the point of view of Harry. There are two exceptions:\n*Chapter One of Philosopher's Stone : the first half is written from the point of view of Harry's uncle, Vernon Dursley;\n*Chapter One of Goblet of Fire : apart from the initial scene-setting, this chapter is written from the point of view of a minor character, Frank Bryce; the action is however witnessed by Harry himself in a dream.\nApart from these two clear exceptions, the second half of Chapter One of Philosopher's Stone and a scene during the Quidditch match in that book are written from an independent point of view.
The books have been compared to Ursula K. Le Guin's A Wizard of Earthsea, C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia, the novels of Diana Wynne Jones, and the works of Philip Pullman; they also fit into a British genre of novels about boarding school life, and the sections involving Potter's relatives the Dursleys remind some readers of Roald Dahl's works. Based on their common fantastic elements, the British origin of the authors, the appeal to both children and adults, the mainstream popularity, and the movie adaptation, the series has also drawn comparisons to J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings.
Certain aspects of the Harry Potter series have even entered the real world as products to be purchased by fans of the series. One example is Bertie Bott's Every Flavour Beans.
Several unpermitted derivative books have been written, either directly featuring Harry Potter, or using similarly named characters. J. K. Rowling and her publishers are currently making attempts to stop the distribution of these books.
Novels and films
\n*First book and film: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\n**Book release: June 26, 1997\n**Film release: November 16, 2001\n**Note: Both the book and the film were retitled Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the U.S.\n*Second book and film: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\n**Book relese: 1998\n**Film release: November 15, 2002\n*Third book and film: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\n**Book release: September 8, 1999\n**Film release: June 4, 2004 \n*Fourth book: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\n**Book release: July 8, 2000\n**Film release: November 18, 2005\n*Fifth book: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\n**Book release: June 21, 2003.\n**Film release: 2006 or 2007\n*Sixth book: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\n**Book release: (unknown - still being written)
The books have become popular enough that bookstores now hold "midnight release parties" on the day Harry Potter books are released.
2001 also saw the publication of two books supposedly reproduced from copies held in the Hogwarts library (complete with notes scribbled in the margins by Harry Potter and friends): Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them by Newt Scamander and Quidditch Through the Ages by Kennilworthy Whisp. They were written by J. K. Rowling with proceeds going to Comic Relief.
Daniel Radcliffe played Harry Potter in the first three films.
Foreign Language Releases
\nThe Harry Potter books have been translated into many languages. See List of titles of Harry Potter books in other languages and Harry Potter in translation series.
The story so far
\nTo read a complete synopsis of the story, broken down into books, see Harry Potter (plot).
According to the timeline given in Book 1, Philosopher's/Sorcerer's Stone would be set between 1991 and 1992; Chamber of Secrets would be 1992 and 1993; Prisoner of Azkaban would be 1993 and 1994; Goblet of Fire would be 1994 and 1995; Order of the Phoenix would be 1995 and 1996. The next book is 1996 and 1997. The seventh and last book would cover 1997 to 1998, and Harry should've left the school in 1998, aged 17 - supposing he lived to do so (Rowling often teases her readers like this when asked on Harry's career after school).
Controversy
\nThe books have provoked various kinds of controversy.\nAccusations of promoting witchcraft
\nThe American Library Association tracks the number of challenges (formal written complaints made to a library or school about a book's content or appropriateness) made to books annually. \nThe Harry Potter series are among the most frequently challenged from 1998 to present. \nThe complaints allege that the books have occult or Satanic themes, are violent, and are anti-family.
Some Christian groups in the United States have denounced the series for promoting witchcraft or Satanism. \n"It contains some powerful and valuable lessons about love and courage and the ultimate victory of good over evil," said Paul Hetrick, spokesman for Focus on the Family, a national Christian-fundamentalist group based in Colorado Springs. "However, the positive messages are packaged in a medium — witchcraft — that is directly denounced in scripture."[1]. See Christian views on witchcraft.
Some groups have burned or attempted to burn (such burnings require permits in most locations) J.K. Rowling's books, often with other books deemed to contradict biblical teachings. \nSee: Harry Potter censorship, book burning.
In contrast, the Catholic Church gave the series its approval by saying that it is imbued with Christian morals and that the good versus evil plot is very clear. Christian Congregationalist minister John Killinger also argued that, rather than corrupting children's minds, the novel encourages young readers to follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. The book The Hidden Key to Harry Potter: Understanding the Meaning, Genius, and Popularity of Joanne Rowling's Harry Potter Novels, written by John Granger, a Reader in the Orthodox Church, claims to uncover Christian themes in its analysis of the story.
Accusations of plagiarism
\nRowling was sued by Nancy Stouffer, writer of The Legend of Rah and the Muggles. Published in 1984, the book featured a protagonist named Larry Potter, and also included such characters as Lilly Potter, Larry's cousin. Stouffer alleged copyright infringement, but \nU.S. District Judge Allen G. Schwartz rejected Nancy Stouffer's claims that she was plagiarized and fined Stouffer $5050,000 for "submission of fraudulent documents" and "untruthful testimony." \nStouffer was also required to pay a portion of the attorney's fees incurred by Rowling, her U.S. publisher Scholastic Press, and Warner Bros Films.
Comic book fans have noted that a comic book series first published in 1990 by DC Comics called The Books of Magic by Neil Gaiman shares many similarities to Rowling's book. These include a dark haired young boy with glasses named Tim Hunter who discovers his own potential as the most powerful wizard of his age after being approached by magic wielding individuals, the first of whom gifts him with a pet owl. Rowling officially denies being aware of this series, and Gaiman has gone on record stating that he believes similarities to be either coincidence or drawn from the same fantasy archetypes.
Parodies of Harry Potter
\n* Barry Trotter, by Michael Gerber - a series of Harry Potter parodies published in the United States and the United Kingdom.\n* Porri Gatter (Порри Гаттер), by Andreyi Zhvalevskiyi (Андрей Жвалевский) and Igor' Miyt'ko (Игорь Мытько) - Belarusian series of Harry Potter parodies.\n* Tanya Grotter (Таня Гроттер), by Dmitri Yemetz (Дмитрий Емец) - Russian series about a magical schoolgirl, described by the author, as "a sort of Russian answer to Harry Potter."\n* Harry Potter and the Kidney Stone, by Desmond Devlin, illustrated by James Warhola. Cover story of Mad Magazine March 2000 issue.\n* "Welcome Back, Potter" - a Saturday Night Live commercial teasing a new program that placed Harry Potter in the Gabe Kaplan role from the 1970s sitcom Welcome Back, Kotter. (Originally aired November 16 2002; hosted by Brittany Murphy)\n* "Hermione Grows Up" - a Saturday Night Live sketch lampooning a suddenly buxom Hermione; features Rachel Dratch as Harry, Seth Myers as Ron, and guest host Lindsay Lohan as Hermione. (Originally aired May 1 2004)\n* Bothering Snape and Trouble at Hogwarts - two PG-13 rated parodies featuring puppet-style Harry Potter characters in "new" adventures.\n* Torg Potter and the Sorcerer's Nuts and Torg Potter and the Chamberpot of Secretions, parodies of the first two Harry Potter books, done by the Sluggy Freelance webcomic.
Unauthorised books featuring Harry Potter
\n* Harry Potter and Leopard-Walk-Up-to-Dragon - originally in Chinese\n* Harry Potter Kolkataye (Harry Potter in Calcutta), by Uttam Ghosh, written in Bengali
Fan Fiction
\nFan fiction refers to stories written by fans. There are innumerable fan fiction stories on the internet devoted to Harry Potter, and several sites dedicated to Harry Potter fan fiction (such as The Sugar Quill and FictionAlley).
When asked about Fan Fiction, J. K. Rowling said "I've read some of it. I find it very flattering that people love the characters that much." She generally supports fan fiction (although she has asked that sites that contain fanfic with adult content password-protect the stories so children under 18 cannot access it).
Many fan fiction stories "pair" different characters together in a romantic relationship, in order to show the author's support for that "ship" (ie: relationship). The relationships fans support and write about run from completely canon-based (such as Lily/James or Arthur/Molly), through the realms of the possible (such as Ron/Hermione) - and there is even a significant fan base for pairings that, if the currently available evidence is weighed, do not appear to have much chance of occurring in canon (such as stories containing homosexuality (slash), and Harry/Hermione, since the author has confirmed that they are "platonic friends" in an interview). An ongoing poll on Fiction Alley as to who Harry Potter will eventually be with currently stands at 45.96% believing it will be Ginny, 23.83% who believe that Harry will wind up with Hermione, 13.19% believing it will be Luna, despite an interview statement from JKR saying that Harry would wind up with someone who had been there from the beginning, and 8.94% maintaining that it will be nobody at all. When Rowling was asked if there would be any unusual pairings in the forthcoming books, she said, "I don't really want to say as it will ruin all the fan sites." Furthermore, she has also expressed some enjoyment over the "shipper debates" on her website.
Fan-fiction and fan-cognition in general tend to have an interesting derivative view of themes and characters in the books. For example, some believe that the online fan crowd has much more sympathy for Draco Malfoy than the average fan. This has led to the rise of the characterization known as "Fanon Draco" or "Draco In Leather Trousers" (coined for a scene in Cassandra Claire's Draco Trilogy), which some fans find annoying and similar to a Mary Sue-ized canon character (also known as a Qanonreip, which comes from The Potter Sue Of The Day Report and is derived from "canon rape").
Fan Art
\nSites such as ArtisticAlley host thousands of pieces of fan art, created by artists of all degrees of skill, sorted by book chapter, and by character. Also, individual sites, such as Art Dungeon showcase the works of talented individual artists.
Trivia
\n* P. G. Wodehouse's 1948 novel Uncle Dynamite includes a character named Police Constable Harold Potter, and another called Hermione (not Granger, but Bostock)\n* Dutch Prime Minister (2002-) Jan Peter Balkenende is known for his resemblance to Harry Potter.\n* Supporters of Vladimir Putin have often accused the makers of the Harry Potter films of having deliberately modelled Dobby after the Russian president.\n* A skit on an episode of the British television series Monty Python's Flying Circus featured a character named Harold Potter.
See also
\n* Harry Potter in translation series\n* Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry\n* Hogwarts Express\n* List of fictional books within the Harry Potter series\n* List of titles of Harry Potter books in other languages\n* List of books similar to Harry Potter\n* List of characters in the Harry Potter books\n* List of places in the Harry Potter books\n* List of Harry Potter articles\n* Magic in Harry Potter\n* Money in Harry Potter\n* Harry Potter in translation\n*Magical items\n**Broomstick\n**Invisibility cloak\n**Quidditch\n**Sorting Hat\n**Tom Riddle's diary\n**Whomping willow\n*Magical creatures\n**Boggart\n**Dementor\n**Thestrals\n*Wizarding terminology\n**Pure Blood\n**Half Blood\n**Mudblood\n**Muggle\n**Squib\n*Societies\n**Dumbledore's Army\n**Order of the Phoenix\n**Death Eaters\n**The Inquisitorial Squad\n**The Ministry of Magic
Actors and Characters
\nFor details of which actor plays which character in the various movies, see the Harry Potter cast article.
External links
Official sites
\n*J.K. Rowling personal website\n*Harry Potter on Bloomsbury.com (International publisher)\n*Harry Potter on Scholastic.com (U.S. publisher)\n*Official Harry Potter Movies Website (Warner Bros.)
Unofficial web sites
\n*MuggleNet: the most popular Harry Potter fan site.\n*The Leaky Cauldron: Harry Potter news weblog\n*FictionAlley: Harry Potter book and movie discussion, as well as thousands of fanfics, writing instruction, news and fanart of every character and for every chapter from the books.\n*The Dueling Club: A Harry Potter fansite that offers everything for (casual and hardcore) fans and Harry Potter webmasters\n*The Harry Potter Lexicon\n*iharrypotter.net: International Harry Potter Fan Site\n*Diagon Lane: Harry Potter Site with lots of information\n*Hogwarts' Heir: "The Extreme Harry Potter Location"\n*Hogwartsnews: Harry Potter discussion forums\n*Snuffles' Hideout: Information and News\n*Harry Potter Fanclub HP-Fans.de: German fansite with forums, games and more\n*The Patronus: A christian belief in Harry Potter\n*The Dueling Club: A Harry Potter fansite that offers everything for fans (casual and hardcore fans) and Harry Potter webmasters\n*Broomsticks And Owls: Harry Potter forum.\n*Gotpotter.net: An unofficial Potter fansite with news, discussion forums and much more.
Articles about Harry Potter
\n*Catholic News article on the Vatican's approval of Harry Potter\n*MSN Slate article on the shut down of unpermitted Harry Potter books\n*MSN Slate negative analysis of Harry's character
\nOnline role-playing sites
\n*Hogwarts Academy of Magic A role-playing site based on the books. Includes classes, clubs, Quidditch, and more realistic events.\n*Harry Potter Fanclub (Germany)\n*Deckleswood School of Witchcraft and Wizardry\n*Hogwarts Extreme
Category:Harry Potter
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