James Hargreaves

James Hargreaves (1720 - April 22, 1778) was a weaver and carpenter in Lancashire, England, and in 1764 he invented the Spinning Jenny. Along with Richard Arkwright, Hargreaves is one of the most famous names of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, yet little is known of him as a person. He lived at Blackburn, then a town with a population of about 5000, known for the production of "Blackburn greys," cloths of linen warp and cotton weft. They were usually sent to London to be printed. The demand for cotton yarn outstripped supply, and the crude one-thread spinning wheel could not keep up. Hargreaves is said to have had the idea for the Jenny from seeing a one-thread wheel overturned upon the floor, when both the wheel and the spindle continued to revolve. He realised that, if a number of spindles were placed upright and side by side, several threads might be spun at once. He designed a frame, in one part of which he placed eight rovings in a row, and in another part a row of eight spindles. The result was to increase production by a factor of eight, and the number of spindles was later increased to sixteen and gradually to a hundred. However, to operate it required awkward movements, and they were often worked by children, who were better able to perform them. Opposition to the machine caused Hargreaves to leave for Nottingham, where the cotton hosiery industry benefited from the increased provision of suitable yarn. Arkwright also ended up in the town, and was even more successful. Hargreaves made jennies for a man called Shipley, and in the July, 1770, he took out a patent, which enabled him to take legal action against the Lancashire manufacturers who had begun using it. Although he failed in this, Hargreaves' business was carried on until his death in 1778, the year before that in which Samuel Crompton invented the mule. \n

External links

\n*Essay from http://www.cottontown.org on Hargreaves and the spinning Jenny.