List of state leaders in 1816
1815 state leaders -
Events of 1816 -
1817 state leaders -
State leaders by year
See also:
List of religious leaders in 1816,
List of colonial governors in 1816\n-----
Africa
\n* Algeria (under nominal Ottoman suzerainty) - Omar Agha, Dey of Algiers (1815-1817)\n* Burundi - Ntare IV Rugamba, King of Burundi (c1796-c.1850)\n* Ethiopia - Egwale Seyon Hezqeyas, Emperor of Ethiopia (1801-1818)\n* Mayotte - Suhali bin Salim, Sultan of Mayotte (1807-1817)\n* Morocco - Abu´r-Rabi Sulayman, Sultan of Morocco (1792-1822)\n* Ndzuwani - \n*#Alawi bin Husain, Sultan of Ndzuwani (1796-1816)\n*#Abdallah bin Alawi, Sultan of Ndzuwani (1816-1832)\n* Rwanda - Mutara II Rwogera, King of Rwanda (1802-1853)\n* Tunis (under Ottoman suzerainty) - Mahmud, Bey of Tunis (1814-1824)
Americas
\n* Argentina - Ignacio Álvarez Thomas (1815-Apr. 16, 1816), Antonio González Balcarce (to Jul. 9), Juan Martín de Pueyrredón (to 1819), Supreme Directors of Argentina\n* Brazil - \n**Monarch -\n**# Maria I, Queen of Brazil (1815-1816)\n**# Joăo VI, King of Brazil (1816-1822, regent for incapacitated queen, 1815-1816)\n**Principal Minister - Fernando José de Portugal e Castro, Principal Minister of Brazil (1808-1817)\n* North Haiti - Henri I, King of North Haiti (1811-1820)\n* Paraguay - José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Supreme Dictator of Paraguay (1814-1840)\n* South Haiti - Alexandre Pétion, President of South Haiti (1815-1818)\n* United Provinces of New Grenada - Presidents of New Grenada:\n**Camilo Torres Tenorio (1815-Mar. 14, 1816)\n**José Fernández Madrid (to Jun. 22)\n**Liborio Mejía (to Jun. 30); acting\n**Custodio García Rovira (to Jul. 10)\n**Manuel Fernando Serrano (last ruler)\n* United States - James Madison, President of the United States (1809-1817)\n**See also Fourteenth United States Congress, List of United States Governors in 1816\n* Venezuela - Simón Bolívar, Supreme Chief of Venezuela (1816-1819)
Asia
\n* Abkhazia - Safar Begi, Prince of Abkhazia (1810-1821)\n* Afghanistan - Mahmud Shah, King of Kabul, Herat, Kandahar, and Peshawar (1809-1818)\n* Awa - Bodawphaya, King of Awa (1782-1819)\n* Azerbaijan - Existed as various cities/districts, with the rest under Russia's control:\n**Nakhchiwan - Karim Khan Kangarli?, Khan of Nakhchiwan\n**Qarabagh - Mahdi Quli Khan Muzaffar, Khan of Qarabagh (1806-1822)\n**Quba - Husayn Khan, Khan of Quba (1806-1816)\n**Shakki - Isma'il Khan, Khan of Shakki (1815-1819)\n**Shamakha - Mustafa Khan, Khan of Shamakha (1796-1820)\n* Bhutan - Jigme Dragpa II, Spiritual Ruler of Bhutan (1791-1830); Sonam Drugyal, Ruler of Bhutan (1815-1819)\n* Brunei - Muhammad Khanzul Alam, Sultan of Brunei (1807-1828)\n* Burma - Bodawphaya, King of Awa (1782-1819)\n* Cambodia - Ang Chan II, King of Cambodia (1813-1834)\n* China (Qing Dynasty) - Jiaqing, Emperor of China (1796-1820)\n* Japan\n**Monarch - Kokaku, Emperor of Japan (1780-1817)\n**Shogun (Tokugawa) - Tokugawa Ienari, Shogun of Japan (1786-1837)\n* Korea - Yi Kwang, King of the Great Choson Empire (1800-1834)\n* Laos - Anuvong, King of Laos (1803-1828)\n* Maldives - Mu'in ad-Din I Muhammad, Sultan of the Maldives (1799-1835)\n* Mogul Empire - Mo'in ad-Din Abu'n Nasr Mohammad Akbar Padshah Saheb Qiran-e Sani, Mughal Emperor (1806-1837)\n* Nepal - \n**King - Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah Deva (1799-Nov. 20, 1816)\n**King - Rajendra Bikram Shah Deva (until 1847)\n**Regent - Lalit Tripura Sundari (1806-1832)\n**Prime Minister - Bhimsen Thapa (1806-1837)\n**British Resident - Edward Gardner (1816-1829)\n* Persia - Fath Ali Qajar, Shah of Persia (1797-1834)\n* Tibet - De-mo sPrul-sku Blo-bzang-thub-bstan-'jigs-med-rgya-mtsho, Regent Dalai Lama of Tibet (1815-1819)\n* Thailand - Buddha Loetla, King of Krung Thep (1809-1824)\n* Vietnam - Nguyen Phuoc Noan, Emperor of Vietnam (1802-1820)
Australia and Oceania
\n* Fiji - Naulivou, Ruler of Fiji (1803-1829)\n* Society Islands - Pomare II, Ruler of the Society Islands (1815-1821)\n* Niue-Fekai - Unknown
Europe
\n* Andorra - \n** Bishop of Urgell -\n**# Francesc Antoni de la Dueńa y Cisneros, Bishop of Urgel (1797-1816)\n**# Temporarily vacant (1816-1817)\n** Louis XVIII, King of France (1815-1824)\n* Araucania - Unknown; independent by treaty with Spain\n* Austria - Franz I, Emperor of Austria (1804-1835)\n* Croatia - Ignjat Gyulay Maros-Nemeth, Ban of Croatia (1806-1831)\n* Denmark\n** Monarch - Frederick VI, King of Denmark (1808-1839)\n** Prime Minister - Joachim Godske, Minister of State of Denmark (1814-1818)\n**See also Colonial governors in 1816\n* Finland - Alexander I, Grand Duke of Finland (1809-1825)\n* France\n**Monarch - Louis XVIII, King of France (1815-1824)\n**Prime Minister - Duc de Richelieu, Prime Minister of France (1815-1818)\n***See also Colonial governors in 1816\n*German Confederation - Emperor Franz I of Austria, President of the German Confederation (1815-1835)\n** Anhalt-Bernburg - Alexius, Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg (1806-1834, Prince 1796-1806)\n** Anhalt-Dessau - Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau (1807-1817, Prince 1751-1807)\n** Anhalt-Köthen - Ludwig II, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen (1812-1818)\n** Baden - Karl Ludwig, Grand Duke of Baden (1811-1818)\n** Bavaria - Maximilian I, King of Bavaria (1805-1825)\n** Brunswick - Karl II, Duke of Brunswick (1815-1831)\n** Hanover - Georg III, King of Hanover (1814-1820)\n** Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine - Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (1806-1830)\n** Electorate of Hesse - Wilhelm I, Elector of Hesse (1813-1821)\n** Hesse-Homburg - Friedrich V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (1751-1820)\n** Hohenzollern-Hechingen - Friedrich, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1810-1838)\n** Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen - Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1785-1831)\n** Lauenburg - Frederick VI of Denmark, Duke of Lauenburg (1815-1839)\n** Liechtenstein - Johann I, Prince of Liechtenstein (1813-1836)\n** Lippe - Leopold II, Prince of Lippe (1802-1851)\n** Luxembourg - Guillaume I, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1815-1840)\n** Mecklenburg-Schwerin - Friedrich Franz I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1815-1837, Duke 1785-1815)\n** Mecklenburg-Strelitz - \n**# Karl II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1815-1816, Duke 1794-1815)\n**# Georg, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1816-1860)\n** Nassau - \n**# Friedrich August, Duke of Nassau (1806-1816, Prince of Nassau-Usingen, 1803-1806) and Friedrich Wilhelm, Prince of Nassau (1806-1816, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg (1788-1806)\n**# Friedrich August, Duke of Nassau (1806-1816) and Wilhelm, Prince of Nassau (1816)\n**# Wilhelm, Duke of Nassau (1816-1839)\n** Oldenburg - Wilhelm, Duke of Oldenburg (1813-1823)\n** Reuss-Ebersdorf - Heinrich LI, Prince of Reuss-Ebersdorf (1806-1822, Count 1779-1806)\n** Reuss-Lobenstein - Heinrich LIV, Prince of Reuss-Lobenstein (1805-1824)\n** Reuss-Schleiz-Gera - Heinrich XLII, Prince of Reuss-Schleiz-Gera (1806-1818, Count 1802-1806)\n** Reuss Senior Line - Heinrich XIII, Prince of Reuss Senior Line (1800-1817) \n** Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld - Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1806-1826, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 1826-1844)\n** Saxe-Gotha - August, Duke of Saxe-Gotha (1804-1822)\n** Saxe-Hildburghausen - Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780-1826, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 1826-1834)\n** Saxe-Meiningen - Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1803-1866)\n** Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach - Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1815-1828, Duke 1758-1815)\n** Saxony - Friedrich August I, King of Saxony (1806-1827)\n** Schaumburg-Lippe - Georg I Wilhelm, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe (1807-1860, Count 1787-1807)\n** Schleswig-Holstein - Frederick VI of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig and Holstein (1808-1839)\n** Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt - Friedrich Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1807-1867)\n** Schwarzburg-Sondershausen - Günther Friedrich Karl I, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1794-1835)\n** Waldeck-Pyrmont - Georg II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1813-1845)\n** Württemberg -\n**# Friedrich I, King of Württemberg (1806-1816)\n**# Wilhelm I, King of Württemberg (1816-1864)\n* Guastalla - Maria Luigia, Duchess of Guastalla (1814-1847)\n* Lucca - Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca (1817-1824)\n* Massa and Carrara - Maria Beatrice Riccardia III, Duchess of Massa and Princess of Carrara (1814-1829)\n* Modena - Francesco IV, Duke of Modena and Reggio (1814-1831)\n* Monaco - Honoré IV, Prince of Monaco (1814-1819)\n* Naples - Ferdinand IV, King of Naples (1815-1816, then King of the Two Sicilies)\n* The Netherlands - Willem I, King of the Netherlands (1815-1840)\n**See also Colonial governors in 1816\n* Norway - Kingdom of Sweden-Norway\n**Monarch - Carl III, King of Norway (1814-1818)\n**Regent - Crown Prince Carl Johan (Bernadotte), Crown Prince of Norway (1814-1818)\n**Viceroy - \n**#Hans Henrik von Essen, Viceroy of Norway (1814-1816)\n**#Carl Carlsson Mörner, Viceroy of Norway (1816-1818)\n* Ottoman Empire - Mahmud II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1808-1839)\n* Papal States - Pope Pius VII (1800-1823)\n* Parma - Maria Luigia, Duchess of Parma and Piacenza (1814-1847)\n* Piedmont-Sardinia - Victor Emmanuel I, King of Sardinia (1802-1821)\n* Poland - Alexander I of Russia, King of Poland (1815-1825)\n* Portugal - \n*# Maria I, Queen of Portugal (1777-Mar. 20, 1816)\n*# Joăo VI, King of Portugal (to 1826)\n**See also Colonial governors in 1816\n* Prussia - \n**Monarch - Friedrich Wilhelm III, King of Prussia (1797-1840)\n**Chief Minister - Karl August von Hardenberg, Chancellor of Prussia (1810-1822)\n* Russia - Alexander I, Tsar of Russia (1801-1825)\n* San Marino - Francesco Maria Belluzzi and Filippo Filippi (Oct. 1815 - Apr. 1816), Camillo Bonelli and Pietro Berti (Apr. 1816 - Oct. 1816), Luigi Giannini and Matteo Martelli (Oct. 1816 - Apr. 1817), Captains-Regent of San Marino\n* Serbia - Milos Obrenovic I, Prince of Serbia (1815-1839); technically unofficial\n* Sicily - Ferdinand III, King of Sicily (1759-1816, then King of the Two Sicilies)\n* Spain - Fernando VII, King of Spain (1808, 1813-1833)\n**See also Colonial governors in 1816\n* Sweden - Kingdom of Sweden-Norway\n**Monarch - Charles XIII, King of Sweden (1809-1818)\n**Regent - Crown Prince Charles (Bernadotte), Crown Prince of Sweden (1810-1818)\n**Chief Minister - Fredrik Gyllenborg, Prime Minister for Justice of Sweden (1810-1829)\n**Foreign Minister - Lars von Engeström, Prime Minister for Foreign Affairs of Sweden-Norway (1809-1824)\n***See also Colonial governors in 1816\n* Switzerland - Hans von Reinhard, President of the Diet of the Swiss Confederation (1816)\n* Tuscany - Ferdinando III, Grand Duke of Tuscny (1814-1824)\n* Two Sicilies - Ferdinand I, King of the Two Sicilies (1816-1825, from 1759 King Ferdinand IV of Naples and King Ferdinand III of Sicily)\n* United Kingdom\n** Monarch - George III, King of the United Kingdom (1760-1820)\n** Regent - The Prince of Wales, Regent of the United Kingdom (1811-1820)\n** Prime Minister - The Earl of Liverpool, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1812-1827)\n* Wallachia - Ioan Gheorghe Caragea, Prince of Wallachia (1812-1818)
Middle East
\n* Abu Dhabi - \n*# Shakhbut bin Dhiyab, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1793-1816)\n*# Muhammad bin Shakhbut, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1816-1818)\n* Bahrain - Shiekh Sulman ibn Ahmad Al Khalifah, Ruler of Bahrain (1796-1825)\n* Egypt - Muhammad Ali Pasha, Governor of Egypt (1805-1848)\n* Kuwait - Sheikh Jabir ibn Abdullah Al Sabah, Ruler of Kuwait (1814-1859)\n* Lebanon - Bashir ibn al-Qasim ibn Umar, Emir of Lebanon (1801-1821)\n* Maldives - Mu`in ad-Din I Muhammad, Sultan of the Maldives (1799-1835)\n* Oman - Sa'id II ibn Sultan, Sultan of Oman (1804-1856)\n* Ottoman Empire - Mahmud II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1808-1839)\n**Athos - Kyrillos VI, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (1813-1818)\n**Kel Ahaggar - Ag Mama ag Sidi, Ruler of Kel Ahaggar (1790-1830)
Category:Lists of state leaders by year
