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List of state leaders in 1988

1987 state leaders - Events of 1988 - 1989 state leaders - State leaders by year \n----\n
\nSee also:\n*List of religious leaders in 1988\n*List of international organization leaders in 1988\n

Table of contents
1 Africa
2 Asia
3 Australia and Oceania
4 Europe
5 North America and the Caribbean
6 South America

Africa

\n* Algeria -\n**President - Chadli Bendjedid, President of Algeria (1979-1992)\n**Prime Minister -\n**# Abdelhamid Brahimi, Prime Minister of Algeria (1984-1988)\n**# Kasdi Merbah, Prime Minister of Algeria (1988-1989)\n* Angola - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979-present)\n* Benin - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1972-1991) and Secretary of the Popular Revolutionary Party of Benin (1979-1990)\n* Botswana - Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980-1998)\n* Burkina Faso - Thomas Sankara - Head of State of Burkina Faso (1983-1987)\n* Burundi -\n**President - Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1987-1993)\n**Prime Minister - Adrien Sibomana, Prime Minister of Burundi (19 October 1988 - 1993)\n* Cameroon - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982-present)\n* Cape Verde - \n**President - Aristides Pereira, President of Cape Verde (1975-1991)\n**Prime Minister - Pedro Pires, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975-1991)\n* Central African Republic - André Kolingba, President of the Central African Republic (1986-1993, Head of State 1981-1986)\n* Chad - Hissène Habré, President of Chad (1982-1990)\n* Comoros - Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Comoros (1978-1989)\n* Congo -\n**Chairman of the Communist Party - Denis Sassou-Nguesso, Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labour Party (1979-1991)\n**President - Denis Sassou-Nguesso, President of Congo (1979-1992)\n**Prime Minister - Ange-Édouard Poungui, Prime Minister of Congo (1984-1989)\n* Côte d'Ivoire - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1960-1993)\n* Djibouti -\n**President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977-1999)\n**Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978-2001)\n* Egypt -\n**President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981-present)\n**Prime Minister - Atef Sedki, Prime Minister of Egypt (1986-1996)\n* Equatorial Guinea -\n**President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979-present)\n**Prime Minister - Cristino Seriche Bioko, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1982-1992)\n* Ethiopia -\n**President - Mengistu Haile Mariam, President of Ethiopia (1987-1991, Head of State 1977-1987)\n**Prime Minister - Fikre-Selassie Wogderess, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1987-1989)\n* Gabon -\n**President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967-present)\n**Prime Minister - Léon Mébiame, Prime Minister of Gabon (1975-1994)\n* The Gambia - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of the Gambia (1970-1994)\n* Ghana - Jerry John Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981-2001)\n* Guinea - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984-present)\n* Guinea-Bissau - João Bernardo Vieira, Chairman of the Council of State (1984-1994, President 1994-1999)\n* Kenya - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978-2002)\n* Lesotho -\n**Monarch - Moshoeshoe II, King of Lesotho (1970-1990)\n**Head of Government - Justin Metsing Lekhanya, Chairman of the Military Council (1986-1991)\n* Liberia - Samuel Doe, President of Liberia (1984-1990, Chairman of the People's Redemption Council 1980-1984)\n* Libya - \n**De Facto Head of State - Muammar al-Qaddafi, Guide of the Revolution (1969-present)\n**De Jure Head of State - Mifta al-Usta Umar, General Secretary of the General People's Congress (1984-1990)\n**Head of Government - Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir, General Secretary of the General People's Committee (1987-1990)\n* Madagascar -\n**President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1975-1993)\n**Prime Minister - \n**# Désiré Rakotoarijaona, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1977-1988)\n**# Victor Ramahatra, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1988-1991)\n* Malawi - Hastings Kamuzu Banda, President of Malawi (1966-1994)\n* Mali -\n**President - Moussa Traoré, President of Mali (1979-1991, Head of State 1968-1979)\n**Prime Minister - \n**# Mamadou Dembelé, Prime Minister of Mali (1986-1988)\n**# None (1988-1991)\n* Mauritania - \n**Head of State - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Head of State (1984-1992, President 1992-present)\n**Prime Minister - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1984-1992)\n* Mauritius -\n**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1986-1992)\n**Governor-General - Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, Governor-General of Mauritius (1986-1992, President 1992)\n**Prime Minister - Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982-1995)\n* Morocco -\n**Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961-1999)\n**Prime Minister - Azzedine Laraki, Prime Minister of Morocco (1986-1992)\n* Mozambique -\n**President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986-present)\n**Prime Minister - Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1986-1994)\n* Niger -\n**Head of State - Ali Saibou, President of the Supreme Military Council (1987-1989, President 1989-1993)\n* Nigeria - Ibrahim Bangida, President and Chairman of the Armed Forces Ruling Council (1985-1993)\n* Rwanda - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973-1994)\n* São Tomé and Príncipe -\n**President - Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975-1991)\n**Prime Minister - \n**# none (1979-1988)\n**# Celestino Rocha da Costa, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1988-1991)\n* Senegal - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981-2000)\n* Seychelles - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977-2004)\n* Sierra Leone - Joseph Saidu Momoh, President of Sierra Leone (1985-1992)\n* Somalia - \n**President - Muhammad Siad Barre, President of Somalia (1976-1991, Head of State 1969-1976)\n**Prime Minister - Muhammad Ali Samatar, Prime Minister of Somalia (1987-1990)\n* South Africa - Pieter Willem Botha, State President of South Africa (1984-1989)\n* The Sudan -\n**Head of State - Ahmad al-Mirghani, Chairman of the Supreme Council (1986-1989)\n**Prime Minister - Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime Minister of the Sudan (1986-1989)\n* Swaziland -\n**Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986-present)\n**Prime Minister - Sotsha Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1986-1989)\n* Tanzania -\n**President - Ali Hassan Mwinyi, President of Tanzania (1985-1995)\n**Prime Minister - Joseph Warioba, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1985-1990)\n* Togo - Gnassingbe Eyadema, President of Togo (1967-present)\n* Tunisia - \n**President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987-present)\n**Prime Minister - Hédi Baccouche, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1987-1989)\n* Uganda -\n**President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986-present)\n**Prime Minister - Samson Kisekka, Prime Minister of Uganda (1986-1991)\n* Western Sahara (disputed with Morocco) -\n**President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1982-present, Head of State 1976-1982)\n**Prime Minister - \n**# Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1985-1988)\n**# Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1988-1993)\n* Zaire -\n**President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965-1997)\n**Head of Government -\n**# Mabi Mulumba, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1987-1988)\n**# Sambwa Pida Nbagui, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1988)\n**# Kengo Wa Dondo, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1988-1990)\n* Zambia -\n**President - Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964-1991)\n**Prime Minister - Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (1985-1989)\n* Zimbabwe''' - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987-present)

Asia

\n* Afghanistan -\n**General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party - Mohammad Najibullah, General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (1986-1992)\n**President - Mohammad Najibullah, President of Afghanistan (1987-1992)\n**Prime Minister - \n**# Sultan Ali Keshtmand, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1981-1988)\n**# Mohammad Hassan Sharq, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1988-1989)\n* Bahrain -\n**Monarch - Isa ibn Salman al-Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1971-1999, Ruler 1961-1971)\n**Prime Minister - Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1971-present)\n* Bangladesh -\n**President - Hossain Mohammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh (1983-1990)\n**Prime Minister - \n**# Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1986-1988)\n**# Moudud Ahmed, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1988-1989)\n* Bhutan - Jigme Singye Wangchuk, King of Bhutan (1972-present)\n* Brunei - \n**Monarch - Muda Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzadin Waddaulah, Sultan (1967-present)\n**Prime Minister - Muda Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzadin Waddaulah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984-present)\n* Burma -\n**Head of State -\n**# San Yu, President of Burma (1981-1988)\n**# Sein Lwin, President of Burma (1988)\n**# Aye Ko, Acting President of Burma (1988)\n**# Maung Maung, President of Burma (1988)\n**# Saw Maung, Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council of Burma (1988-1992)\n**Prime Minister -\n**# Maung Maung Kha, Prime Minister of Burma (1977-1988)\n**# Tun Tin, Prime Minister of Burma (1988)\n**# Saw Maung, Prime Minister of Burma (1988-1992)\n* People's Republic of China - \n**de facto leader - Deng Xiaoping (late 1970s-early 1990s)\n**Communist Party Leader - Zhao Ziyang, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1987-1989)\n**President - \n**# Li Xiannian, President of the People's Republic of China (1983-1988)\n**# Yang Shangkun, President of the People's Republic of China (1988-1993)\n**Premier - Li Peng, Premier of the People's Republic of China (1987-1998)\n* India -\n**President - Ramaswamy Venkataraman, President of India (1987-1992)\n**Prime Minister - Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (1984-1989)\n* Indonesia - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967-1998)\n* Iran - \n**Supreme Leader - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran (1980-1989)\n**President - Ali Khamenei, President of Iran (1981-1989)\n**Prime Minister - Mir Hossein Moussavi, Prime Minister of Iran (1981-1989)\n* Iraq -\n**President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979-2003)\n**Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1979-1991)\n* Israel - \n**President - Chaim Herzog, President of Israel (1983-1993)\n**Prime Minister - Yitzhak Shamir, Prime Minister of Israel (1986-1992)\n* Japan -\n**Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926-1989)\n**Prime Minister - Noboru Takeshita, Prime Minister of Japan (1987-1989)\n* Jordan -\n**Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952-1999)\n**Prime Minister - Zaid ar-Rifai, Prime Minister of Jordan (1985-1989)\n* Kampuchea -\n**Secretary General of the Communist Party - Heng Samrin, Secretary-General of the People's Revolutionary Party of Kampuchea (1981-1991)\n**Head of State - Heng Samrin, Chairman of the Council of State of Kampuchea (1981-1992)\n**Prime Minister - Hun Sen, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Kampuchea (1985-1993)\n* Democratic People's Republic of Korea -\n**Communist Party Leader - Kim Il Sung, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (1948-1994)\n**President - Kim Il Sung, President of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1972-1994)\n**Head of Government - Yon Hyong Muk, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988-1992)\n* Republic of Korea -\n**President -\n**# Chun Doo Hwan, President of the Republic of Korea (1980-1988)\n**# Roh Tae Woo, President of the Republic of Korea (1988-1993)\n**Prime Minister -\n**# Kim Chung Yul, Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1987-1988)\n**# Lee Hyun Jae, Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1988)\n**# Kang Young Hoon, Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1988-1990)\n* Kuwait -\n**Monarch - Sheikh Jabir III Al Ahmad Al Jabir Al Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977-present)\n**Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al Abdullah Al Salim Al Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978-2003)\n* Laos\n**General Secretary of the Communist Party - Kaysone Phomvihan, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1955-1991, leading role in the state from 1975)\n**President - Prince Souphanouvong (1975-1991), President of Laos (1975-1991)\n**Acting President - Phoumi Vongvichit, Acting President of Laos (1986-1991)\n**Head of Government - Kaysone Phomvihan, Chairman of the Counil of Ministers (1975-1991)\n* Lebanon -\n**President -\n**# Amin Gemayel, President of Lebanon (1982-1988)\n**# Sélim Ahmed al-Hoss, Acting President of Lebanon (1988-1989)\n**Prime Minister - \n**# Sélim Ahmed al-Hoss, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1987-1990)\n**# Michel Aoun, Chairman of Military Cabinet (1988-1990, in opposition to al-Hoss)\n* Malaysia -\n**Monarch - Tuanku Mahmud Iskandar ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ismail, Paramount Ruler of Malaysia (1984-1989)\n**Prime Minister - Mahathir bin Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981-2003)\n* Maldives - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978-present)\n* Mongolia -\n**Communist Party Leader - Jambn Batmönh, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1984-1990)\n**Head of State - Jambyn Batmönh, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural (1984-1990)\n**Head of Government - Dumaagiyn Sodnom, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1984-1990)\n* Nepal -\n**Monarch - Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva, King of Nepal (1972-2001)\n**Prime Minister - Marich Man Singh Shrestha, Prime Minister of Nepal (1986-1990)\n* Oman -\n**Monarch - Qabus ibn Sa'id, Sultan of Oman (1970-present)\n**Prime Minister - Qabus ibn Sa'id, Prime Minister of Oman (1972-present)\n* Pakistan -\n**President -\n**# Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq, President of Pakistan (1978-1988)\n**# Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President of Pakistan (1988-1993)\n**Prime Minister -\n**# Mohammad Khan Junejo, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1985-1988)\n**# Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988)\n**# none (1988)\n**# Benazir Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988-1990)\n* Philippines - Corazon Aquino, President of the Philippines (1986-1992)\n* Qatar -\n**Monarch - Sheikh Khalifah ibn Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1972-1995)\n**Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifah ibn Hamad Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1970-1995)\n* Saudi Arabia -\n**Monarch - Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982-present)\n**Prime Minister - Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982-present)\n* Singapore -\n**President - Wee Kim Wee, President of Singapore (1985-1993)\n**Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959-1990)\n* Sri Lanka -\n**President - Junius Richard Jayewardene, President of Sri Lanka (1978-1989)\n**Prime Minister - Ranasinghe Premadasa, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1978-1989)\n* Syria -\n**President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971-2000)\n**Prime Minister - Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime Minister of Syria (1987-2000)\n* Taiwan (Republic of China) -\n**President -\n**# Chiang Ching-kuo, President of the Republic of China (1978-1988)\n**# Lee Teng-hui, President of the Republic of China (1988-2000)\n**Premier - Yü Kuo-hwa, President of the Executive Yuan (1984-1989)\n* Thailand -\n** King - Rama IX, King of Thailand (1946-present)\n**Prime Minister -\n**# Prem Tinsulanond, Prime Minister of Thailand (1980-1988)\n**# Chatichai Choonhavan, Prime Minister of Thailand (1988-1991)\n* Turkey -\n**President - Kenan Evren, President of Turkey (1980-1989)\n**Prime Minister - Turgut Özal, Prime Minister of Turkey (1983-1989)\n* United Arab Emirates -\n**President - Sheikh Zaid ibn Sultan Al Nahayan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971-present)\n**Prime Minister - Sheikh Rashid ibn Said Al Maktum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1979-1990)\n* Vietnam -\n**Communist Party Leader - Nguyen Van Linh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1986-1991)\n**Head of State - Vo Chi Cong, Chairman of the State Council (1987-1992)\n**Head of Government -\n**# Pham Hung, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1987-1988)\n**# Vo Van Kiet, Acting Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988)\n**# Do Muoi, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988-1991)\n* People's Democratic Republic of Yemen\n** President - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council (1986-1990)\n** Prime Minister - Yasin Said Numan, Prime Minister of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1986-1990)\n* Yemen Arab Republic'''\n** President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of the Yemen Arab Republic (1978-1990)\n** Prime Minister - Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic (1983-1990)

Australia and Oceania

\n* Australia -\n**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952-present)\n**Governor-General - Sir Ninian Stephen, Governor-General of Australia (1982-1989)\n**Prime Minister - Bob Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia (1983-1991)

Europe

\n* Albania -\n**First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor - Ramiz Alia, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1985-1991)\n**Head of State - Ramiz Alia, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1982-1991)\n**Premier - Adil Çarçani, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1982-1991)\n* Andorra -\n**Co-Princes -\n***François Mitterrand, President of France (1981-1995)\n***Joan Martí Alanís, Bishop of Urgel (1971-2003)\n**First Syndic - Francesc Cerqueda Pascuet, First Syndic of Andorra (1982-1990)\n**Head of Government - Josep Pintat-Solans, Head of Government of Andorra (1984-1990)\n* Austria - \n**President - Kurt Waldheim, President of Austria (1986-1992)\n**Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky, Chancellor of Austria (1986-1997)\n* Belgium -\n**Monarch - Baudouin I, King of the Belgians (1951-1993)\n**Prime Minister - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1981-1992)\n* Bulgaria -\n**Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954-1989)\n**Head of State - Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the State Council of Bulgaria (1971-1989)\n**Premier - Georgi Atanasov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1986-1990)\n* Cyprus -\n*# Spyros Kyprianou, President of Cyprus (1977-1988)\n*# Georgios Vasiliou, President of Cyprus (1988-1993)\n* Czechoslovakia -\n**Communist Party Leader - Milos Jakes, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1987-1989)\n**President - Gustáv Husák, President of Czechoslovakia (1975-1989)\n**Prime Minister - \n**# Lubomír Strougal, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1970-1988)\n**# Ladislav Adamec, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1988-1989)\n* Denmark -\n**Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972-present)\n**Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter, Prime Minister of Denmark (1982-1993)\n* Finland -\n**President - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland (1981-1994)\n**Prime Minister - Harri Holkeri, Prime Minister of Finland (1987-1991)\n* France -\n**President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981-1995)\n**Prime Minister -\n**# Jacques Chirac, Prime Minister of France (1986-1988)\n**# Michel Rocard, Prime Minister of France (1988-1991)\n* Federal Republic of Germany - \n**President - Richard von Weizsäcker, President of the Federal Republic of Germany (1984-1994)\n**Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (1982-1998)\n* German Democratic Republic -\n**Communist Party Leader - Erich Honecker, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971-1989)\n**Head of State - Erich Honecker, Chairman of the Council of State (1976-1989)\n**Head of Government - Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1976-1989)\n* Greece -\n**President - Christos Sartzetakis, President of Greece (1985-1990)\n**Prime Minister - Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (1981-1989)\n* Hungary -\n**Communist Party Leader-\n**# János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956-1988)\n**# Károly Grósz, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1988-1989)\n**Head of State -\n**# Károly Németh, Chairman of the Presidential Council (1987-1988)\n**# Brunó Ferenc Straub, Chairman of the Presidential Council (1988-1989)\n**Premier - \n**# Károly Grósz, President of the Council of Ministers (1987-1988)\n**# Miklós Németh, President of the Council of Ministers (1988-1990)\n* Iceland -\n**President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980-1996)\n**Prime Minister - \n**# Thorsteinn Pálsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1987-1988)\n**# Steingrímur Hermannsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1988-1991)\n* Ireland -\n**President - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (1976-1990)\n**Prime Minister - Charles Haughey, Taoiseach (1987-1992)\n* Italy -\n**President - Francesco Cossiga, President of Italy (1985-1992)\n**Prime Minister - \n**# Giovanni Goria, Prime Minister of Italy (1987-1988)\n**# Ciriaco De Mita, Prime Minister of Italy (1988-1989)\n* Liechtenstein - \n**Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938-1989)\n**Regent - Hereditary Prince Hans-Adam II, Regent of Liechtenstein (1984-1989, Prince 1989-present)\n**Head of Government - Hans Brunhart, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978-1993)\n* Luxembourg -\n**Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964-2000)\n**Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1984-1995)\n* Malta -\n**Head of State - Paul Xuereb, Acting President of Malta (1987-1989)\n**Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1987-1996)\n* Monaco -\n**Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949-present)\n**Head of Government - Jean Ausseil, Minister of State of Monaco (1985-1991)\n* Netherlands -\n**Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands(1980-present)\n**Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982-1994)\n* Norway -\n**Monarch - Olav V, King of Norway (1957-1991)\n**Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime Minister of Norway (1986-1989)\n* Poland -\n**Communist Party Leader - Wojciech Jaruzelski, Secretary-General of the Polish United Workers' Party (1981-1989)\n**Head of State - Wojciech Jaruzelski, Chairman of the Council of State (1985-1989, President 1989-1990)\n**Premier -\n**# Zbigniew Messner, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1985-1988)\n**# Miecyslaw Rakowski, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988-1989)\n* Portugal -\n**President - Mário Soares, President of Portugal (1986-1996)\n**Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal (1985-1995)\n* Romania -\n**Communist Party Leader - Nicolae Ceausescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965-1989)\n**Head of State - Nicolae Ceausescu, President of the State Council (1967-1989)\n**Premier - Constantin Dascalescu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1982-1989)\n* San Marino -\n**Captains-General -\n**# Rossano Zafferani and Gian Franco Terenzi, Captains-General of San Marino (1987-1988)\n**# Umberto Barulli and Rosolino Martelli, Captains-General of San Marino (1988)\n**# Luciano Cardelli and Reves Salvatori, Captains-General of San Marino (1988-1989)\n* Spain\n**Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975-present)\n**Prime Minister - Felipe González, President of the Government (1982-1996)\n* Sweden -\n**Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973-present)\n**Prime Minister - Ingvar Carlsson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1986-1991)\n* Switzerland - \n**Swiss Federal Council - Otto Stich, Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, Elisabeth Kopp, Arnold Koller, Flavio Cotti, René Felber, Adolf Ogi; members of the Swiss Federal Council.\n* Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -\n**Communist Party Leader - Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1985-1991)\n**Head of State -\n**# Andrei Gromyko, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1985-1988)\n**# Mikhail Gorbachev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1988-1989, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet 1989-1990, President 1990-1991)\n**Premier - Nikolai Ryzhkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1985-1991)\n* United Kingdom -\n**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952-present)\n**Prime Minister - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979-1990)\n* Vatican City - Pope John Paul II, Sovereign (1978-present)\n* Yugoslavia -\n**Communist Party Leader -\n**# Bosko Krunic, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists (1987-1988)\n**# Stipe Suvar, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists (1988-1989)\n**Head of State -\n**# Lazar Mojsov, President of the Collective Presidency (1987-1988)\n**# Raif Dizdarevic, President of the Collective Presidency (1988-1989)\n**Premier - Branko Mikulic, President of the Federal Executive Council (1986-1989)\n*Vatican City'''\n** Pope - John Paul II, Bishop of Rome (1978-present)\n** Secretary of State - Agostino Cardinal Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State (1979-1990)

North America and the Caribbean

\n*Antigua and Barbuda -\n**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981-present)\n**Governor-General - Sir Wilfred Jacobs, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1981-1993)\n**Prime Minister - Vere Cornwall Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1981-1994)\n* Bahamas -\n**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973-present)\n**Governor-General -\n**# Sir Gerald Cash, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1979-1988)\n**# Sir Henry Milton Taylor, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1988-1992)\n**Prime Minister - Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967-1992)\n* Barbados -\n**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966-present)\n**Governor-General - Sir Hugh Springer, Governor-General of Barbados (1984-1990)\n**Prime Minister - Erskine Sandiford, Prime Minister of Barbados (1987-1994)\n* Belize -\n**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981-present)\n**Governor-General - Dame Minita Gordon, Governor-General of Belize (1981-1993)\n**Prime Minister - Manuel Esquivel, Prime Minister of Belize (1984-1989)\n* Canada -\n**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952-present)\n**Governor-General - Jeanne Sauvé, Governor-General of Canada (1984-1990)\n**Prime Minister - Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister of Canada (1984-1993)\n* Costa Rica - Óscar Arias Sánchez, President of Costa Rica (1986-1990)\n* Cuba -\n**Head of State - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976-present)\n**Head of Government - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Minister of Cuba (1976-present, Premier 1959-1976)\n* Dominica -\n**President - Sir Clarence Augustus Seignoret, President of Dominica (1983-1993)\n**Prime Minister - Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (1980-1995)\n* Dominican Republic - Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (1986-1996)\n* El Salvador - José Napoleón Duarte, President of El Salvador (1984-1989)\n* Grenada -\n**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974-present)\n**Governor-General - Sir Paul Scoon, Governor-General of Grenada (1978-1992)\n**Prime Minister - Herbert Blaize, Prime Minister of Grenada (1984-1989)\n* Guatemala - Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo, President of Guatemala (1986-1991)\n* Haiti -\n**Head of State -\n**# Henri Namphy, Chairman of the National Council (1986-1988)\n**# Leslie-François Manigat, President of Haiti (1988)\n**# Henri Namphy, President of Haiti (1988)\n**# Prosper Avril, President of Haiti (1988-1990)\n**Prime Minister - Martial Célestin, Prime Minister of Haiti (9 February - 20 June 1988)\n* Honduras - José Aczona Hoyo, President of Honduras (1986-1990)\n* Jamaica -\n**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962-present)\n**Governor-General - Sir Florizel Glasspole, Governor-General of Jamaica (1973-1991)\n**Prime Minister - Edward Seaga, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1980-1989)\n* Mexico - \n*#Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado, President of Mexico (1982-1988) \n*#Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President of Mexico (1988-1994) \n* Nicaragua - Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua (1985-1990)\n* Panama - President -\n*# Eric Arturo Delvalle, President of Panama (1985-1988)\n*# Manuel Solís Palma, President of Panama (1988-1989)\n* Saint Kitts and Nevis -\n**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983-present)\n**Governor-General - Sir Clement Arrindell, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983-1995)\n**Prime Minister - Kennedy Simmonds, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995-present)\n* Saint Lucia -\n**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979-present)\n**Governor-General -\n**# Vincent Floissac, Acting Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1987-1988)\n**# Stanislaus James, Acting Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1988-1992, Governor-General 1992-1996)\n**Prime Minister - John Compton, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982-1996)\n* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -\n**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979-present)\n**Governor-General -\n**# Sir Joseph Lambert Eustace, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1985-1988)\n**# Henry Harvey Williams, Acting Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1988-1989)\n**Prime Minister - James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984-2000)\n* Trinidad and Tobago -\n**President - Noor Hassanali, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1987-1997)\n**Prime Minister - A.N.R. Robinson, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1986-1991)\n* United States of America - Ronald Reagan, President of the United States (1981-1989)

South America

\n* Argentina - Raúl Alfonsín, President of Argentina (1983-1989)\n* Bolivia - Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President of Bolivia (1985-1989)\n* Brazil - José Sarney, President of Brazil (1985-1990)\n* Chile - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile (1974-1990)\n* Colombia - Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of Colombia (1986-1990)\n* Ecuador -\n*# León Febres Cordero Rivadeneira, President of Ecuador (1984-1988)\n*# Rodrigo Borja Cevallos, President of Ecuador (1988-1992)\n* Guyana - \n**President - Desmond Hoyte, President of Guyana (1985-1992)\n**Prime Minister - Hamilton Green, Prime Minister of Guyana (1985-1992)\n* Paraguay - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954-1989)\n* Peru - Alan García Pérez, President of Peru (1985-1990)\n* Suriname -\n**President - \n**# L.F. Ramdat Misier, Acting President of Suriname (1982-1988)\n**# Ramsewak Shankar, President of Suriname (1988-1990)\n**Head of Government - \n**# Jules Wijdenbosch, Prime Minister of Suriname (1987-1988)\n**# Henck Arron, Vice President of Suriname (1988-1990)\n* Uruguay - Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo, President of Uruguay (1985-1990)\n* Venezuela - Jaime Lusinchi, President of Venezuela (1984-1989) Category:Lists of state leaders by year

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