Politics of Iceland

Government

\nThe president, elected to a 4-year term, has limited powers. The prime minister and cabinet exercise most executive functions. The Althing is composed of 63 members, elected every 4 years unless it is dissolved sooner. Suffrage for presidential and parliamentary elections is 18 years of age and is universal. Members of the Althing are elected on the basis of proportional representation from six constituencies. Until 1991, membership of the Althing was divided between a lower and upper house but this was changed to a fully unicameral system. The judiciary consists of the Supreme Court and district courts. The constitution protects the judiciary from infringement by the other two branches. In nationwide town council elections in 1994, government coalition partners, the conservative Independence Party (IP), and the Social Democrat Party (SDP) lost support throughout the country, including the capital Reykjavik, which the IP had controlled for more than a half-century. In losing four seats in the April 1995 parliamentary elections, the IP and SDP mustered a simple majority in the 63-seat Althing. However, Prime Minister and IP leader Davíð Oddsson chose the resurgent Progressive Party as a more conservative partner to form a stronger and more stable majority with 40 seats. Splintered by factionalism over the economy and Iceland's role in the European Union (EU), the SDP also suffered from being the only party to support Iceland's EU membership application. After four 4-year terms as the world's first and only elected woman president, the widely popular Vigdís Finnbogadóttir chose not to run for re-election in 1996. More than 86% of voters turned out in the June 29, 1996 presidential elections to give former leftist party chairman Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson a 41% plurality and relatively comfortable 12% victory margin over the closest of three other candidates. Traditionally limited to 6-12 weeks, Iceland's campaign season was marked by several intensely personal attacks on Grímsson, a former finance minister who tried to erase memories of his controversial support of inflationary policies and opposition to the U.S military presence at the NATO base in Keflavík. Grímsson successfully has used his largely ceremonial office to promote Icelandic trade abroad and family values at home. The last parliamentary elections took place May 10, 2003. The ruling coalition parties, the Independence Party and the Progressive Party lost four seats in Alþingi but nevertheless still hold a tight majority in parliament. The results of the 2003 election were as follows (changes in seat distribution indicated in brackets): Sjálfstæðisflokkurinn (D) Independence Party 33.68% 22 seats (-4) Samfylkingin (S) Social Democratic Alliance 30.95% 20 seats (+3) Framsóknarflokkurinn (B) Progressive Party 17.73% 12 seats (0) Vinstri hreyfingin - grænt framboð (U) Left Green Movement 8.81% 5 seats (-1) Frjálslyndi flokkurinn (F) Liberal Party 7.38% 4 seats (+2) The opposition gained 4 seats in the elections but the government parties still hold a 34 seat majority in the 63 seat Alþingi. A total of 185.392 votes were cast constituting 87.7% of the electorate. The President of Alþingi is selected by the representatives and currently the office rests with Halldór Blöndal (Independence Party). The next parlimentary elections are scheduled in May 2007. Country name:\n
conventional long form:\nRepublic of Iceland\n
conventional short form:\nIceland\n
local long form:\nLýðveldið Ísland\n
local short form:\nÍsland\n

Data code:\nIC\n

Government type:\nconstitutional republic\n

Capital:\nReykjavik\n

Administrative divisions:\n23 counties (sýslur, singular sýsla) and 14 independent towns* (kaupstadir, singular kaupstadhur); Akranes*, Akureyri*, Árnessýsla, Austur-Barðastrandarsýsla, Austur-Húnavatnssýsla, Austur-Skaftafellssýsla, Borgarfjarðarsýsla, Dalasýsla, Eyjafjarðarsýsla, Gullbringusýsla, Hafnarfjörður*, Húsavík*, Ísafjörður*, Keflavík*, Kjósarsýsla, Kópavogur*, Mýrasýsla, Neskaupstaður*, Norður-Ísafjarðarsýsla, Norður-Múlasýsla, Norður-Þingeyjarsýsla, Ólafsfjörður*, Rangárvallasýsla, Reykjavík*, Sauðárkrókur*, Seyðisfjörður*, Siglufjörður*, Skagafjarðarsýsla, Snæfellsnes- og Hnappadalssýsla, Strandasýsla, Sudur-Múlasýsla, Suður-Þingeyjarsýsla, Vestmannaeyjar*, Vestur-Barðastrandarsýsla, Vestur-Húnavatnssýsla, Vestur-Ísafjarðarsýsla, Vestur-Skaftafellssýsla\n

Independence:\n17 June 1944 (from Denmark)\n

National holiday:\nAnniversary of the Establishment of the Republic, 17 June (1944)\n

Constitution:\n16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944\n

Legal system:\ncivil law system based on Danish law; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction\n

Suffrage:\n18 years of age; universal\n

Executive branch:\n
chief of state:\nPresident Ólafur Ragnar Grimsson (since 1 August 1996). See also: List of Presidents of Iceland\n
head of government:\nPrime Minister Davíð Oddsson (since 30 April 1991). See also: List of Prime Ministers of Iceland\n
cabinet:\nCabinet appointed by the president\n
elections:\npresident elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held June 1996 (next to be held by June 2004); prime minister appointed by the president\n
election results:\nÓlafur Ragnar Grimsson elected president; percent of vote - 41.4%\n

Legislative branch:\nunicameral Parliament or Althing (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)\n
elections:\nlast held on 10 May 2003 (next to be held by May 2007)\n
election results:\npercent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA\n

Judicial branch:\nSupreme Court or Hæstiréttur, justices are appointed for life by the president\n

Political parties and leaders:\nSjálfstædisflokkurinn (Independence Party, conservative/centrist) [Davíd ODDSSON]; Samfylkingin (Social Democratic Alliance, social democratic) [Össur SKARPHÉÐINSSON]; Vinstri hreyfingin - grænt frambod (Left-Green Movement, left socialist) [Steingrímur J. SIGFÚSSON]; Frjálslyndi flokkurinn (Liberal Party, centrist) [Guðjón Arnar KRISTJÁNSSON]; Framsóknarflokkurinn (Progressive Party, liberal) [Halldór ÁSGRÍMSSON]; \n

International organization participation:\nAustralia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA (observer), IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, International Maritime Organization, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNU, UPU, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO

Flag description:\nblue with a red cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) Category:Politics of Iceland