Portrait

]] \nA portrait is a painting, photograph, or other artistic representation of a person. Portraits are often simple "head shots" and are not usually overly elaborate or creative. The intent is to show the basic appearance of the person, and occasionally some artistic insight into his or her personality. The art of the portrait flourished in Roman sculptures, where the sitters demanded realistic portraits, even unflattering ones. During the 4th century, the portrait began to retreat in favor of an idealized symbol of what that person looked like. Compare the portraits of Roman Emperors Constantine I and Theodosius I at their entries. In Europe true portraits of the outward appearance of individuals re-emerged in the late Middle Ages, in Burgundy and France. The most famous portrait in the world is Leonardo da Vinci's painting entitled Mona Lisa, which is actually a portrait of an unidentified lady.\n Some of the earliest portraits of private people, who were not kings or emperors, are in the funeral portraits that survived in the dry climate of Egypt's Fayum district (illustration, left). These are the only paintings of the Roman period to have survived, aside from frescos. When the artist creates a portrait in his or her own image, it is called a self-portrait. Many of the most famous works of Rembrandt were his self-portraits. Portrait photography is a popular commercial industry all over the world. Many people enjoy having professionally-made family portraits to hang in their house, or special portraits to commemorate certain events, such as graduations or weddings. In politics, portraits of the leader are often used as a symbol of the state. No matter where you are, in most countries it is common protocol for a portrait of the Head of State to appear in important government buildings.\nWhen portraits of the leader are used excessively, it becomes a sign of a personality cult.

See also

\n* Hierarchy of genres

External links

\n* Portrait Detectives Fun interactive introduction to the analysis of portraiture.\n* Diego Goldberg's family portraits, 1976-2002. "On June 17th, every year, the family goes through a private ritual: we photograph ourselves to stop a fleeting moment, the arrow of time passing by."\n* Jeanne Ivy's Self-Portrait Page, "What Artists Find When They Search in the Mirror".\n* National Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian. Rich collection of portraits of famous Americans.\n*Portraits by young artists. Portraits as an expression in an on-line community of artists.

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In literature the term "portrait" refers to a written description or analysis of a person or thing. A written portrait often gives deep insight, and offers an analysis that goes far beyond the superficial. For example, American author Patricia Cornwell wrote a popular novel intitled Portrait of a Killer about the personality, background, and possible motivations of Jack the Ripper, as well as the media coverage of his murders, and the subsquent police investigation of his crimes.

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The term portrait is also applied to the orientation of a rectangular page, painting or other graphic, denoting that the long axis is vertical. When the long axis is horizontal, it is termed "landscape". Category:Painting