Quebec City, Quebec
View of Quebec City with the Château Frontenac at upper left (
French,
Québec), a
Canadian city, is the capital of
Quebec. Quebec's Old Town (
Vieux Québec), the only fortified city north of
Mexico whose walls still exist, was declared a
World Heritage Site by
UNESCO in
1985. The city has a population of 169,076 (2001), while the metropolitan area has a population of 682,757 (2001).
To differentiate between Quebec the city and Quebec the province, the city is referred to as
Quebec City. In French, the province is called
le Québec ("in Quebec" =
au Québec) while the city is simply
Québec without the
le. "In Quebec City" is
à Québec. Officially, the city is called
Québec (with an
acute accent, no "city") by both the provincial and federal governments in both languages.
The mayor of Quebec City is
Jean-Paul L'Allier.
Geography
The city is perched on Cap Diamant, a large rock outcropping at the edge of the Saint Lawrence River, whose topography encouraged its defensive use. The thinness of the strait between Quebec City and Lévis on the opposite shore give the city and consequently the province its name (kebek is an Algonquian word for "narrow passage").
Attractions
Quebec City's skyline is dominated by the massive Château Frontenac hotel, perched on top of Cap Diamant. The hotel is on the Terrasse Dufferin, a walkway along the edge of the cliff, offering beautiful views of the Saint Lawrence.
Near the Château Frontenac is Notre-Dame de Québec Cathedral, see of the Archbishop of Quebec. It is the first cathedral and first basilica to have been built in the New World, and is the primate church of Canada.
The Terrasse Dufferin leads toward the nearby Plains of Abraham, site of the battle in which the British took Quebec from France, and La Citadelle, a Canadian Forces installation and vice-regal residence. The National Assembly, Quebec's provincial legislature, is also near the Citadelle.
The Upper Town is linked by stairways and a funicular to the Lower Town, which includes such sites as the ancient Notre Dame de la Victoire church, the historical Petit Champlain district, the port, and the Musée de la Civilisation.
Laval University is located in the western end of the city. Founded by the Jesuits one year before Harvard University, Laval was the first university in North America. The central campus of the Université du Québec is also located in Quebec City.
Quebec City is known for its Winter Carnival and for its Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day celebrations.
Tourist attractions located near Quebec City include Montmorency Falls and the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré.
Transportation
Quebec City is served by Jean Lesage International Airport, which is located in the borough of Sainte-Foy. The city also has a port on the Saint Lawrence.
Two bridges, the Quebec Bridge and Pierre Laporte Bridge, connect the city with the south shore of the Saint Lawrence, as does a ferry service. The city is served by VIA Rail (Gare du Palais), and is the eastern terminus of the railway's main Quebec City-Windsor corridor.
History
Quebec City is the oldest extant European settlement in Canada. It was founded by Samuel de Champlain in 1608 on the site of a First Nations settlement called Stadacona. It was to this settlement that the name Canada refers (kanata is an Iroquoian word meaning "village").
Quebec City was captured by the British in 1629 and held until 1632.
As mentioned above, this city was the site of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham during the Seven Years War, in which British troops under General James Wolfe defeated the French general Louis-Joseph de Montcalm and took the city. France later ceded New France to Britain.
During the American Revolution, the British garrison at Quebec City was assaulted by American troops in the Battle of Quebec. The defeat of the Americans put an end to their hopes that Canada would also rebel.
Quebec City was capital of Canada from 1859 to 1865, the last before Ottawa. The Quebec Conference on Canadian Confederation was held here.
In World War II two conferences were held in Quebec City. The first one was held in 1943 with Franklin Delano Roosevelt (United States' president), Winston Churchill (United Kingdom's prime minister), Mackenzie King (Canada's prime minister) and T.V. Soong. (China's minister of foreign affairs). The second one was held in 1944 and was attended by Churchill and Roosevelt. They took place in the buildings of the Citadelle and of nearby Chateau Frontenac.
In April 2001, Quebec City hosted the Summit of the Americas to discuss the Free Trade Area of the Americas; it also hosted massive anti-globalization demonstrations, provoked both by the summit and by the decision to wall off a large portion of the historic city with a four-metre-high chain-link fence for the duration. Police forces were widely accused of excessive use of force during the demonstrations.
On January 1, 2002, Quebec City and 12 other municipalities of the Communauté urbaine de Québec were merged into to the new Quebec City "megacity," which is divided into 8 boroughs:
Residents of Quebec City are called
Québécois. To avoid confusion with
Québécois meaning an inhabitant of the province, the term
Québécois de Québec is sometimes used (as opposed to
Québécois du Québec - in French, the city is
Québec and the province,
le Québec.)
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See also
\n* List of cities in Canada\n*
List of communities in Quebec
External links
\n* Quebec City Guide : http://www.telegraphe.com\n* HREF="http://www.ville.quebec.qc.ca/en/accueil/index.shtml" class="external">Ville de Québec (English)\n* Québec City Newspapers :
Le Journal de Québec,
Le Soleil de Québec,
Voir
\n| \n | North: Shannon, Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier, Stoneham-et-Tewksbury, Lac-Beauport | \n\n |
\n\n| West: Saint-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier, Pont-Rouge, Neuville | \nQuebec City | \nEast: Sainte-Brigitte-de-Laval, Boischatel | \n
| \n | South: Levis, Saint-Pierre-de-l'Ile-d'Orleans | \n\n |
\nCategory:Quebec communities\n \n\n \n \n
