Stuttgart\n----- {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" style="float:right; empty-cells:show; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:0,5em; background:#FFDEAD;"\n! Coat of Arms\n! Map\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n! align="center"| \n! align="center"|  \n|-----\n! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" | Basic Information\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| German State: || Baden-Württemberg\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| Administrative District: || Stuttgart\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| Conurbation: || Stuttgart Region\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| Area (City of Stuttgart): || 207.36 km²\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| Population (City of Stuttgart): || 589,599 (June 2004)\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| Population Density: || 2,838 inhabitants/km²\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| Percentage of Non-Germans: || 24.3 %\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| Average Altitude: || 260 m (min: 207 m / max: 549 m)\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| Post Code: || 70001-70629 (formerly: 7000)\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| Area Code: || 0711\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| Car Licence Code: || S\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| valign="top" | Geographical Position:\n| Lat. 48°46'36" North \nLong. 9°10'48" East\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| valign="top" | Climate:\n| Average Sunshine Duration 1693 h /\nTemperature 10.8 °C / Rainfall 665 mm \n|-----\n! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" | Politics \n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| Lord Mayor: || Wolfgang Schuster (CDU)\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| City Government:Contact Address\n| Heilbronner Str. 7 70174 Stuttgart\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| Web Site:\n| www.stuttgart.de\n|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"\n| E-Mail:\n| post@stuttgart.de\n|} Stuttgart is the capital of Baden-Württemberg, Germany and has about 600,000 inhabitants (June 2004).
History\n \n \n
The coat of arms shows a black, rampant horse on a yellow or golden field. It's a canting seal due to the fact that the name "Stuttgart" is an over the centuries modified version of "Stutengarten", in English roughly "mare garden" or "stud farm". About 950, Stuttgart was originally founded by Duke Liudolf of Swabia, one of the sons of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto I the Great, and used for horse breeding (especially for his father's cavalry, see Battle of Lechfeld). Later on (about 1300), Stuttgart became the residence of the counts of Württemberg. In 1496, the counts of Württemberg were promoted to dukes by the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. After Napoleon's breakup of the Holy Roman Empire, the dukes of Württemberg earned the title of kings and Stuttgart became a royal residence.
The name of the royal family of Württemberg and of the state originates from a steep Stuttgart hill, formerly known as Wirtemberg, nowadays called Württemberg. On top of that hill, the mausoleum from 1824 of Queen Katharina (daughter of Czar Paul I of Russia) and King Wilhelm I of Württemberg is located.
In 1871, Württemberg joined the German Kaiserreich (Empire) as an autonomous kingdom. After World War I, the monarchy broke down and the Free State of Württemberg was etablished. In 1920, Stuttgart was the seat of the German National Government (since the administration had to flee from Berlin, see Kapp Putsch). During World War II, the city center of Stuttgart was nearly completely destroyed due to air raids.
In 1945 the Allied Forces took control of Germany. They merged parts of the former German States of Baden and Württemberg and later on the new, democratic state Baden-Württemberg (3rd largest German state) with Stuttgart as its capital was created by a referendum.
After World War II, an early concept of the Marshall Plan to support the reconstruction and economic/political recovery of Europe was presented during a speech given by US Secretary of State James F. Byrnes at the Stuttgart Opera House (September 6, 1946). This speech led directly to the unification of the Bristish and American occupation zones, resulting in the so called bi-zone. Two years later, the French also joined the bi-zone, creating the tri-zone and thereby paving the way for the foundation of the Federal Republic of Germany. Stuttgart, like Frankfurt, was a serious contender to become the federal capital, but finally Bonn succeeded.
In the late seventies, the city district of Stammheim was center stage of one of the most controversial periods of German post-war history: The Red Army Faction trial at the Stammheim high-security court and the subsequent suicides of Ulrike Meinhof, Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe (all imprisoned in the Stammheim jail). The trial and the period thereafter were accompanied by several new terroristic assaults to liberate the inmates (German Autumn 1977: i.a. the abduction and murder of the German industrialist and President of the German Employers' Association Hanns-Martin Schleyer resp. the hijacking of Lufthansa flight LH181, redirecting the jet to Mogadishu).
During the Cold War, the joint command center of all American military forces in Europe, Africa and the Atlantic was moved to Stuttgart (US European Command, EUCOM). EUCOM is headquartered there till today.
Economy\n \n \n
Approximately 150,000 companies are located in the Stuttgart region. The area is known for its high-tech industry; some of its most prominent companies include Daimler-Chrysler, Porsche, Bosch, Celesio, Hewlett-Packard and IBM, all of whom located their world or German headquarters here. In fact, the Porsche badge, as seen on the front of Porsche cars has this town's name in the centre of the badge, something that is unique amongst the world's vehicle makers. A theory even suggests that also the Ferrari logo "Cavallino Rampante" had its origin in the Stuttgart coat-of-arms.
Stuttgart is the place where the motor bike and the four-wheeled automobile have been invented, it's hence the starting point of the worldwide automotive industry. So famous and prestigious brands as Mercedes-Benz, Porsche and Maybach are produced there. Also the very first prototypes of the eventual VW Beetle have been fabricated in Stuttgart, based on a design by Ferdinand Porsche.The region currently has Germany's highest density of scientific, academic and research organisations, and tops the national league for patent applications. More than 11% of all R&D-expenses in the Federal Republic of Germany are generated in the Stuttgart Region (approximately 4.3 billion Euro per year). In addition to several universities and colleges, the area has six institutes of the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, four institutes for collaborative industrial research at local universities, two Max-Planck institutes, as well as one large-scale research centre—the German Aerospace Centre (DLR). Stuttgart holds top place of all European Union regions according to the share of employment in high-tech and medium-high tech manufacturing with a figure of 21.0% (2001 data from Eurostat). The Stuttgart Stock Exchange is the second largest in Germany (only behind Frankfurt) and important financial companies are headquartered in Stuttgart (e.g. Allianz Life Insurance, LBBW Bank or Wüstenrot), as well. In addition to these global players, the Stuttgart economy consists of many highly versatile and dynamic medium-sized enterprises (the so-called "Mittelstand"). Furthermore, Stuttgart is still one of Germany's largest wine-growing towns with a century-long tradition and is situated at the geographic center of the "Württemberg Wine Growing Area" (110.30 km², one of 13 official German growing areas, according to the German Wine Law). People, Culture & Architecture\n \n \n
Stuttgart is known for its cultural life, in particular the Staatstheater and Staatsgalerie. The Staatstheater contains an opera house and three smaller theaters, where opera, ballet, theatre and concerts are produced. The world-renowned Stuttgart Opera won the prestigious "Opera of the year" (Germany/Austria/Switzerland) award for five years running (1998-2002). The famous Stuttgart Ballet is connected to names like John Cranko and Marcia Haydée. The city also offers two broadway-style Musical theaters, the Apollo and the Palladium Theater (each approx. 1800 seats).
Stuttgart exhibits fine pieces of architecture from all times. Among them:
Buildings\n*TV Tower\n*Telecom Tower\n*Radio Tower\n*Techno Tower\n*Vodaphone Tower\n*Observation Tower Killesberg http://www.killesbergturm.de/ \n*Stiftskirche Stuttgart, altes Wahrzeichen der Stadt \n*Other Churches: \n**Evangelic Leonhards-Church \n**Evangelic Hospital Church \n**Evangelic City Church St. Germanus from 1478 (Untertürkheim) \n**Dom Church St. Eberhard \n**Katholic St.-Barbara-Church (http://www.st-barbara-gemeinde-stuttgart-hofen.de) Hofen \n*Veitskapelle Mühlhausen \n*Castles\n**Old Castle \n**New Castle\n**Castle Hohenheim \n**Castle Rosenstein (Museum for Natural History) \n**Castle Solitude \n*Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadium (former "Neckar Stadium") \n*Grabkapelle auf dem Württemberg (Stadtteil Rotenberg) \n*Central Railway Station \n*Hans-Martin-Schleyer-Halle \n**Culture and Congress-Centre Song hall \n*Markt Hall \n*Planetarium \n*SI-Centre \n*Tagblatt-Tower \n*Villa ReitzensteinFamous People from Stuttgart
Sister Cities
External links\n*Official homepage of Stuttgart\n*Official Stuttgart Tourist Board\n*Stuttgart International Airport\n*Stuttgart Public Transport System\n*Stuttgarter Staatstheater official site\n*University of Stuttgart official site\n*University of Hohenheim official site\n*Weissenhof Estate (Gropius, Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe)\n*Daimler Stadium Stuttgart official site \n\n\n\n\n\n\nsimple:Stuttgart\n\n Category:Cities in Germany |
||||
"There are two ways of constructing a software design; one way is to make it so simple that there are obviously no deficiencies, and the other way is to make it so complicated that there are no obvious deficiencies. The first method is far more difficult." - C. A. R. Hoare |
