Timeline of programming languages

This is a chronological list of programming languages. See also Alphabetical list, Categorical list, and Generational list; Programming language, Computing timeline, and History of computing hardware. {|\n|-\n| colspan="3" |\n

Pre 1950

\n|-\n! Predecessor(s)\n! Year\n! Product\n! developer, company\n|-\n| *\n| ~18401840\n| FIRST PROGRAM\n| Ada Lovelace\n|-\n| *\n| 1945\n| Plankalkül\n| Konrad Zuse\n|-\n| colspan="3" |\n

1950s

\n|-\n| *\n| 1952\n| A-0\n| Grace Hopper\n|-\n| *\n| 1954\n| Mark I Autocode\n| Tony Brooker\n|-\n| A-0\n| ~1954\n| FORTRAN (First program September 20th 1954)\n| John W. Backus\n|-\n| A-0\n| 1954\n| ARITH-MATIC\n| Grace Hopper\n|-\n| A-0\n| 1954\n| MATH-MATIC\n| Grace Hopper\n|-\n| A-0\n| 1955\n| FLOW-MATIC\n| Grace Hopper\n|-\n| *\n| 1956\n| Information Processing Language (IPL)\n| Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon\n|-\n| FLOW-MATIC\n| 1957\n| COMTRAN\n| Bob Bemer\n|-\n| FORTRAN\n| 1958\n| FORTRAN II\n| John W. Backus\n|-\n| FORTRAN\n| 1958\n| Algol 58\n| ??\n|-\n| IPL\n| 1959\n| LISP\n| John McCarthy\n|-\n| colspan="3" |\n

1960s

\n|-\n| FLOW-MATIC COMTRAN\n| 1960\n| COBOL\n| The Codasyl Committee\n|-\n| ALGOL\n| 1960\n| Algol 60\n|-\n| ALGOL\n| 1960\n| JOSS\n|-\n| FORTRAN II\n| 1962\n| FORTRAN IV\n|-\n| *\n| 1962\n| APL\n| Iverson\n|-\n| ALGOL58\n| 1962\n| MAD (Michigan Algorithm Decoder)\n| Arden, et. al.\n|-\n| ALGOL60\n| 1962\n| Simula\n|-\n| FORTRAN II\n| 1962\n| SNOBOL\n| Griswold, et al.\n|-\n| ALGOL60\n| 1963\n| CPL\n| Barron, Strachey, et al.\n|-\n| SNOBOL\n| 1962\n| SNOBOL3\n| Griswold, et al.\n|-\n| CPL LISP\n| 1964\n| COWSEL\n| Burstall, Popplestone\n|-\n| ALGOL60\n| 1964\n| PL/I\n| IBM\n|-\n| FORTRAN II, JOSS\n| 1964\n| BASIC\n| Kemeny and Kurtz\n|-\n|\n| 1964\n| TRAC\n| Mooers (work started in 1959)\n|-\n| FORTRAN II\n| 1966\n| FORTRAN IV\n|\n|-\n| LISP\n| 1966\n| ISWIM\n| Landin\n|-\n| ALGOL60\n| 1966\n| CORAL66 Real Time version of Algol 60\n|-\n| CPL\n| 1967\n| BCPL\n| Richards\n|-\n| Fortran LISP\n| 1967\n| MUMPS\n| Massachusetts General Hospital\n|-\n| Simula\n| 1967\n| Simula67\n|-\n| SNOBOL3\n| 1967\n| SNOBOL4\n| Griswold, et al.\n|-\n| Algol60\n| 1968\n| ALGOL 68\n| Wijngaarten, et al.\n|-\n| COWSEL\n| 1968\n| POP-1\n| Burstall, Popplestone\n|-\n|\n| 1968\n| Forth\n| Moore (first paper, 1970)\n|-\n| Lisp\n| 1968\n| Logo\n| Papert\n|-\n| colspan="3" |\n

1970s

\n|-\n| POP-1\n| 1970\n| POP-2\n|-\n| ALGOL60\n| 1971\n| Pascal\n| Wirth, Jensen\n|-\n| Simula67\n| 1972\n| Smalltalk Environment\n| Digitalk\n|-\n| B BCPL\n| 1972\n| C\n| Ritchie\n|-\n| *\n| 1972\n| INTERCAL\n|-\n| *\n| 1972\n| PROLOG\n| Colmerauer\n|-\n| Pascal BASIC\n| 1973\n| COMAL\n| Christensen, Løfstedt\n|-\n| BASIC\n| 1974\n| GRASS\n| DeFanti\n|-\n| LISP\n| 1975\n| Scheme\n| Sussman, Steele\n|-\n| BASIC\n| 1975\n| Altair BASIC\n| Gates, Allen\n|-\n| C FORTRAN\n| 1976\n| RATFOR\n| Kernighan\n|-\n| MUMPS\n| 1977\n| X11.1 ANSI Standard MUMPS\n|-\n| FORTRAN IV\n| 1978\n| FORTRAN77\n|-\n| *\n| 1978\n| VISICALC\n| Bricklin, Frankston)\n|-\n|\n| 1979\n| REXX\n| Cowlishaw 20 March\n|-\n| C SNOBOL\n| 1979\n| Awk\n| Aho, Weinberger, Kernighan\n|-\n| *\n| 1979\n| VULCAN DBASE-II\n| Ratliff )\n|-\n| Algol68\n| 1979\n| Green\n| Ichbiah et al., US Dept of Defense\n|-\n| colspan="3" |\n

1980s

\n|-\n| C Simula67\n| 1980\n| "C with Classes"\n| Stroustrup\n|-\n| Simula67\n| 1980\n| Smalltalk-80\n| Digitalk\n|-\n| Green\n| 1983\n| Ada\n| US Dept of Defense\n|-\n| C with Classes\n| 1983\n| C++\n| Stroustrup\n|-\n| Pascal\n| 1983\n| Turbo Pascal\n| Hejlsberg\n|-\n| BASIC\n| 1983\n| True BASIC\n| Kemeny and Kurtz\n|-\n| *\n| 1984\n| Standard ML (Standard Meta-Language)\n|-\n| dBase\n| 1984\n| CLIPPER\n| Nantucket\n|-\n| 1977MUMPS\n| 1985\n| 1984 MUMPS\n|-\n| dBase\n| 1985\n| PARADOX\n| Borland\n|-\n| Interpress\n| 1985\n| PostScript\n| Warnock\n|-\n| BASIC\n| 1985\n| QuickBASIC\n| Microsoft\n|-\n|\n| 1986\n| LabVIEW\n| National Instruments\n|-\n| Simula67\n| 1986\n| Eiffel\n| Meyer\n|-\n| AIX\n| 1986\n| AIX\n| IBM\n|-\n| 4GL\n| 1986\n| Informix-4GL\n| Informix\n|-\n| *\n| 1987\n| HyperTalk\n| Apple\n|-\n| *\n| 1987\n| SQL-1\n|-\n| Awk\n| 1987\n| Perl\n| Wall\n|-\n| MATLAB\n| 1988\n| Octave\n|-\n| dBase-III\n| 1988\n| dBaseIV\n|-\n| Awk Lisp\n| 1988\n| Tcl\n| Ousterhout\n|-\n| REXX\n| 1988\n| Object REXX\n| Simon Nash\n|-\n| Turbo-Pascal\n| 1989\n| Turbo-Pascal+OOP\n| Borland\n|-\n| C\n| 1989\n| Standard C\n| ANSI X3.159-1989 (adopted by ISO in 1990)\n|-\n| Pascal Modula-II\n| 1989\n| OBERON\n| Wirth\n|-\n| colspan="3" |

1990s

\n|-\n|\n| 1990\n| Haskell\n|-\n| 1984MUMPS\n| 1990\n| 1990 MUMPS\n|-\n|\n| 1991\n| Python\n| Van Rossum\n|-\n|\n| 1991\n| Q\n|-\n| QuickBASIC\n| 1991\n| Visual Basic\n| Alan Cooper, Microsoft\n|-\n| SQL-1\n| 1992\n| SQL-2\n|-\n| Turbo-Pascal OOP\n| 1992\n| Borland Pascal\n|-\n| Forth\n| 1993\n| FALSE\n| Oortmerrsen\n|-\n| FALSE\n| 1993\n| Brainfuck\n| Mueller\n|-\n| HyperTalk\n| 1993\n| Revolution\n|-\n| HyperCard\n| 1993\n| AppleScript\n| Apple\n|-\n| Perl Smalltalk\n| 1993\n| Ruby\n|-\n|\n| 1993\n| Lua\n|-\n| Ada 83\n| 1995\n| Ada 95\n| ISO\n|-\n| Borland Pascal\n| 1995\n| Delphi(1)\n| Borland\n|-\n|\n| 1995\n| Java\n| Sun Microsystems\n|-\n| 1990MUMPS\n| 1995\n| 1995 MUMPS\n|-\n| REXX\n| 1996\n| NetRexx\n| Cowlishaw\n|-\n| Standard ML,84\n| 1997\n| SML'97\n|-\n| PHP 3\n| 1997\n| PHP'''\n|-\n| Scheme\n| 1997\n| Pico\n| Free University of Brussels\n|-\n| C++\n| 1998\n| C++98\n| ANSI/ISO Standard C++\n|-\n|\n| 1998\n| Erlang programming language\n| Open Source Erlang from Ericsson\n|-\n| colspan="3" |\n

2000s

\n|-\n|\n| 2000\n| Joy\n| von Thun\n|-\n| C C++\n| 2000\n| D\n| Walter Bright, Digital Mars\n|-\n| C C++ COM Java\n| 2000\n| C#\n| Microsoft\n|-\n| DELPHI(5)\n| 2001\n| KYLIX\n| Borland\n|-\n| Whitespace\n| 2003\n| Whitespace\n| Brady and Morris\n|-\n| Perl C++\n| 2003\n| S2\n|-\n| C# ML MetaHaskell\n| 2003\n| Nemerle\n| University of Wroclaw\n|-\n| colspan="3" |\n

Programming languages with unknown or questionable dates

\n|-\n|\n| 19??\n| TUTOR\n| Tenczar (for Plato)\n|-\n| *\n| 197?\n| sh (Bourne Shell)\n| Bourne\n|-\n| sh\n| 19??\n| ksh (Korn Shell)\n| Korn\n|-\n|\n| 1960s?\n| IITRAN\n|-\n| ksh\n| 199?\n| zsh (Z Shell)\n|-\n| *\n| 1990\n| Self\n| Sun Microsystems Inc\n|-\n| Self Java\n| 199?\n| LiveScript\n| Brendan Eich, Netscape (Self inspired, made for Java interactions)\n|-\n| LiveScript\n| 1995\n| JavaScript\n| Netscape\n|-\n| JavaScript\n| 1997\n| ECMAScript\n| ECMA TC39-TG1\n|-\n|\n| 2003\n| Rikstation\n|}

Legend

( Entry ) means not a universal programming language\n: * means no direct predecessor / unique language

Category:Technology timelines\nCategory:Programming languages\n\n