United States Military Academy
- Alternate meanings: West Point (disambiguation).
The
United States Military Academy, also known as
West Point and
USMA, is a
U.S. military academy and former
Army fort. It is located in
West Point,
New York, on the west bank of the
Hudson River about 50 miles (80 km) north of
New York City, and occupies 16,000
acres (65 km²) adjacent to the village of
Highland Falls, New York in Orange County.
Academy graduates are awarded a
Bachelor of Science degree and commissioned as Second Lieutenants in the U.S. Army. They must serve a minimum of five years on active duty followed by three years in the reserves. Freshmen are known as "plebes"; sophomores, "yearlings"; juniors, "cows"; seniors, "firsties."
The Military Academy's sports teams were historically called The Black Knights of the Hudson, but the nickname has been officially shortened to Black Knights. U.S. sports media use
Army as a synonym for the Academy; this usage is officially endorsed. The Army mascot is the
Mule. Army participates in the
NCAA's Division I-A as an independent team in
football. It is a member of the Division I
Patriot League in most other sports; its
hockey program competes in
Atlantic Hockey.
West Point's motto is "Duty, Honor, Country." It is the oldest continuously occupied military post in the United States.
History
\nThe site was selected for the construction of a fort by George Washington, and the fortifications were designed in 1778 by Thaddeus Kosciuszko. General Washington considered West Point one of the most important positions on the continent. The high ground above a narrow "s" curve in the Hudson River enabled the Continental Army to control the vital river traffic. He felt that the British Army could have split the colonies in two if they gained control of this land.
George Washington quickly realized the need for a national military academy, however his Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson argued that there was no provision in the Constitution which allowed for the creation of a military academy. However, when Jefferson became president, he signed legislation establishing the United States Military Academy on March 16, 1802 and the school opened on July 4 of the same year.
The Superintendent from 1817-1833 was Col Sylvanus Thayer. He is known as the "father of the Military Academy." He upgraded academic standards, instilled military discipline and emphasized honorable conduct. Inspired by the French École Polytechnique, Thayer made civil engineering the foundation of the curriculum. For the first half century, USMA graduates were largely responsible for the construction of the bulk of the nation's initial railway lines, bridges, harbors and roads.
The development of other technical schools in the US during the post-Civil War period allowed West Point to broaden its curriculum beyond a strict civil engineering focus.
After World War I, Superintendent Douglas MacArthur sought to further diversify the academic curriculum. In recognition of the physical demands of modern warfare, MacArthur pushed for major changes in the physical fitness and athletic programs. "Every cadet an athlete" became an important goal. At the same time, the cadet management of the Honor System, long an unofficial tradition, was formalized with the creation of the Cadet Honor Committee.
In 1964, President Lyndon Johnson signed legislation increasing the strength of the Corps of Cadets from 2,529 to 4,417 (more recently reduced to 4,000).
Women were first admitted in 1976.
No classes graduated in 1810 or 1816 and there were two graduating classes in 1861, 1917, 1918, 1922 and 1943.
West Point began collegiate tradition of the class ring, beginning with the class of 1835, and continuing ever since. The lone exception is the class of 1837, which had class cuff links.
In recent decades, the Academy's curricular structure has been markedly changed to permit cadets to major in any one of more than a dozen fields, including a wide range of subjects from the sciences to the humanities.
Notable Graduates
\n* Buzz Aldrin\n* Gen E. R. S. Canby\n* Wesley Clark\n* Benjamin O. Davis Jr\n* Jefferson Davis\n* Abner Doubleday\n* Dwight Eisenhower\n* Ulysses S. Grant\n* Stonewall Jackson\n* Mike Krzyzewski\n* James Longstreet\n* Robert E. Lee\n* Douglas MacArthur\n* George Meade\n* George Patton\n* John J. Pershing\n* Fidel V. Ramos\n* Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr\n* William Tecumseh Sherman\n* Jeb Stuart
External link
\n*United States Military Academy Official Website\n*Official Army athletics site
\n\n\nCategory:United States Army\nCategory:United States military academies\nCategory:Universities and colleges in New York
